Chapter 2 - Data & Info mgmt

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Attribute

A characteristic of an entity.

Many-to-many relationship

A relationship where multiple instances of one entity are associated with multiple instances of another entity.

One-to-one relationship

A relationship where one entity is associated with exactly one instance of another entity.

One-to-many relationship

A relationship where one entity is associated with multiple instances of another entity.

Constraint

A restriction placed on the data.

User Interface

Allows interaction with data and generates SQL.

Entity

Anything about which data are to be collected and stored.

Common Attributes

Attributes used to relate different tables.

Inheritance

Child objects inherit from parent classes.

Object-Oriented Data Model (OODM)

Combines data and relationships in objects.

Extended Relational Data Model (ERDM)

Combines features of relational and OO models.

Sources of Business Rules

Company managers, policy makers, department managers, written documentation, and direct interviews with end users.

Network Model

Created to represent complex data relationships more effectively than the hierarchical model.

Internal Model

Database representation as seen by DBMS.

Data Management Language (DML)

Defines the environment in which data can be managed.

Relationship

Describes an association among entities.

Physical Model

Describes how data is physically stored.

Business Rules

Descriptions of policies, procedures, or principles within a specific organization.

Relational Model

Developed by E.F. Codd (IBM) in 1970, consisting of tables (relations) with rows and columns.

Hierarchical Model

Developed in the 1960s to manage large amounts of data for manufacturing projects.

Tuple

Each row in a relation.

Data Definition Language (DDL)

Enables the administrator to define the schema components.

External Model

End users' view of the data environment.

Object-Oriented Extensions

Enhancements to relational model using OO concepts.

Member (in Network Model)

Equivalent to the hierarchical model's child.

Owner (in Network Model)

Equivalent to the hierarchical model's parent.

SQL Engine

Executes all database queries.

Translating Business Rules

Generally, nouns translate into entities and verbs translate into relationships among entities.

Conceptual Model

Global view integrating all external views.

Unified Modeling Language (UML)

Graphical language for modeling systems.

Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)

Graphical model of database components.

Classes

Groups of similar objects with shared attributes.

Relational Database Management System (RDBMS)

Hides complexity from the user by managing all the physical details.

SQL-based Application

Involves user interface, tables, and SQL engine.

Data Abstraction

Levels of detail in database design.

Big Data

Manages large amounts of web-generated data.

Naming Conventions

Names should make the object unique and distinguishable from other objects.

NoSQL Databases

Not based on relational model, supports scalability.

Attributes

Properties that describe an object.

Data Modeling

Reduces complexities of database design.

Data Model

Relatively simple representations of complex real-world data structures.

Extensible Markup Language (XML)

Standard for data exchange on the Internet.

Entity Relationship Model

Standard for data modeling introduced by Chen.

Importance of documenting Business Rules

Standardizes company's view of data and serves as a communications tool between users and designers.

Relational Table

Stores a collection of related entities.

Connectivity

Type of relationship between entities.

Chen Notation

Uses diamonds for relationships in ERD.

Network Data Model

Uses sets for 1:M and M:M relationships.

Crow's Foot Notation

Uses symbols to represent connectivity in ERD.

Relational Diagram

Visual representation of entities and relationships.


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