Chapter 2

What were Queen Hatshepsut accomplishments?

Hatshepsut was a pharaoh of Egypt from roughly 1479 to 1458 BCE. She not only had the longest reign of any Egyptian female, but is also regarded as one of the most successful rulers in Egyptian history. Under Hatshepsut, Egypt explored, built, and grew.

1.Queen Hatshepsut

Hatshepsut (1479-1458 BCE) was the first female ruler of ancient Egypt to reign as a male with the full authority of pharaoh. ... She was the fifth pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty during the period known as the New Kingdom (1570-1069 BCE) and regarded as one of the best.

Why is Hatshepsut important to history?

Hatshepsut was the longest reigning female pharaoh in Egypt, ruling for 20 years in the 15th century B.C. She is considered one of Egypt's most successful pharaohs.

How did Thutmose III rule?

Officially, Thutmose III ruled Egypt for almost 54 years and his reign is usually dated from 24 April 1479 BCE to 11 March 1425 BCE, from the age of two and until his death at age fifty-six; however, during the first 22 years of his reign, he was coregent with his stepmother and aunt, Hatshepsut, who was named the ...

Who are the Phoenicians and why are they important?

Well, the Phoenicians were prominent traders in their time, and their main export was snails. Purple dye could be extracted from the snails and used as ink, and theyalso formed the basis for the modern alphabet. In fact, they created the first widely used writing system in history.

What are the basic beliefs of Zoroastrianism?

Also within his religion, Zoroaster taught the existence of angels, demons and saviors, ideas that can also be found in Christianity, Judaism and Islam. Zoroastrians use the Avesta as their sacred text. The Avesta contains hymns, rituals and spells against demons.

Who was Darius and what did he do?

Darius organized the empire by dividing it into provinces and placing satraps to govern it. He organized a new uniform monetary system, along with making Aramaic the official language of the empire. He also put the empire in better standing by building roads and introducing standard weights and measures.

Why is Darius important?

Darius was great! In addition to expanding his empire during his lifetime, he brought new ideas into Persia. His rule over the ancient Persian Empire was so famous that people still refer to him as Darius the Great. ... After a quick battle with an opponent, Darius stepped in and led the army home

5. Zoroastrianism

Definition of Zoroastrianism. : a Persian religion founded in the sixth century b.c. by the prophet Zoroaster, promulgated in the Avesta, and characterized by worship of a supreme god Ahura Mazda who requires good deeds for help in his cosmic struggle against the evil spirit Ahriman. The prophet Zoroaster (Zarathrustra in ancient Persian) is regarded as the founder of Zoroastrianism. It's arguably the world's oldest monotheistic faith. Most of what is known about Zoroaster comes from the Avesta—a collection of Zoroastrian religious scriptures.

How did the Phoenicians fall?

In 334 BCE Alexander the Great conquered Baalbek (re-naming it Heliopolis) and marched on to subdue the cities of Byblos and Sidon in 332 BCE. ... After the fall of Tyre, the other city-states followed and surrendered to Alexander's rule, thus ending the Phoenician Civilization and ushering in the Hellenistic Age.

Where Zoroastrianism originated?

Iran Zoroastrianism was founded by Zoroaster (or Zarathustra), later deemed a prophet, in ancient Iran. The precise date of the founding of Zoroastrianism is uncertain. Zoroaster was born in either Northeast Iran or Southwest Afghanistan.

Hebrews

Israelites are defined as the descendants of Jacob, son of Isaac, grandson of Abraham. ... According to the Jewish Encyclopedia the terms "Hebrews" and "Israelites" usually describe the same people, stating that they were called Hebrews before the conquest of the Land of Canaan and Israelites afterwards.

Why was Zoroastrianism founded?

It is uncertain when the religion was first founded but sources say that it could be dated as far back as 1200 BCE. A priest named Zarathustra or Zoroaster, as the Greeks called him, founded the religion. ... The Iranians then, believed in a polytheistic religion. Zoroaster convinced and converted them into monotheists.

What did Thutmose III accomplish?

Military Campaigns. Thutmose III's military campaigns are among his greatest achievements as Pharaoh of Egypt. Overall, he launched at least 16 military campaigns including those in Palestine, Syria, Nubia and in Mesopotamia. Historians believe Thutmose III was not fond of his aunt and co-regent Hatshepsut.

Darius I

N king of Persia who expanded the Persian Empire and invaded Greece but was defeated at the battle of Marathon (550-486 BC) Synonyms: Darius the Great Example of: Rex, king, male monarch. a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom.

Phoenicians

Phoenicia was an ancient civilization composed of independent city-states located along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea stretching through what is now Syria, Lebanon and northern Israel.

Who were the Phoenicians and what were they known for?

The Phoenicians were among the greatest traders of their time and owed much of their prosperity to trade. At first, they traded mainly with the Greeks, trading wood, slaves, glass and powdered Tyrian purple. Tyrian purple was a violet-purple dye used by the Greek elite to color garments.

Thutmose III

Thutmose III (sometimes read as Thutmosis or Tuthmosis III, Thothmes in older history works, and meaning "Thoth is born") was the sixth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty. ... His firstborn son and heir to the throne, Amenemhat, predeceased Thutmose III.

What was Thutmose III known for?

Thutmose III is known as one of the greatest pharaohs in the history of Ancient Egypt. During his rule of 54 years, he defeated many of Egypt's enemies and greatly expanded the extent of the Egyptian Empire. Thutmose III was born a prince of the Egyptian Empire. His father, Thutmose II, was pharaoh of Egypt.