Chapter 2 Management

What are two types of outputs according to the systems viewpoint?

Employee satisfaction Finished products

Renata is using the systems perspective to analyze her company. Which of the following should be included in her input analysis?

Equipment

What are Taylor's principles of scientific management?

Evaluate a task by scientifically studying each part of it Carefully select workers with the right abilities for the task

What are the branches of quantitative management?

Evidence-based management Operations management

What are primary concerns of shared value and sustainable development?

Global equilibrium Social impacts Environmental effects

Which of the following are accurate regarding the importance of learning about a company's mission and vision statements before a job interview? (Choose every correct answer.)

These statements tell you what the company wants to achieve over time. You will be a better fit for a company if you support their mission and vision statements. These statements tell you why the company exists.

According to the Hawthorne effect hypothesized by Mayo and colleagues, when did employees work harder? (Choose every correct answer.)

They received added attention. They believed supervisors paid special attention to them. They thought managers cared about their welfare.

True or false: Frederick Taylor is associated with the scientific management approach to management.

True

What organization launched the PRME?

United Nations

Theory Y managers view workers as which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)

accepting of responsibility imaginative and creative self-directed

What should an individual consider learning about a company before going to a job interview? (Choose every correct answer.)

company mission and vision statements company's core values and culture

_____ approaches to management include learning organizations, high-performance work practices, and sustainable development.

contemporary

According to the ____ viewpoint, a management problem should be handled according to the individual and the environmental situation.

contingency

Which management viewpoint asks the question, "What method is the best to use under these particular circumstances?"

contingency

The original focus of the Hawthorne studies was the:

effects of lighting levels on worker productivity

____ management encourages managers to make facts and logic the foundation of their approach to decision-making.

evidence- based

A _______ organization actively creates, acquires, and transfers knowledge within itself and is able to modify its behavior to reflect new knowledge.

learning

Administrative management is concerned with managing:

the total organization

According to the systems viewpoint, the part of a system that involves turning raw materials and knowledge into a new and different product or service is called _____.

transformational processes

Maslow's hierarchy of needs resulted from the study of ______.

what motivates people to perform

Which of these statements represent ideas that Peter Drucker introduced in his book The Practice of Management?

A corporation can be thought of as a human community Employees should be treated as assets without customers, businesses wouldn't exist

What four disciplines are included in the behavioral science approach to management?

Anthropology Sociology Economics Psychology

Which individuals helped pioneer administrative management theory? (Choose every correct answer.)

Henri Fayol Charles Clinton Spaulding Max Weber

Who is known as the "father of industrial psychology" because of his revolutionary ideas on studying human behavior in workplaces?

Hugo Munsterberg

In which ways did Munsterberg suggest that psychologists could contribute to industry? (Choose every correct answer.)

Identify ways managers can encourage employees to take desired actions. Identify the people who are best suited for a job. Recognize the psychological conditions necessary for employees to do their best work.

Which statement regarding a closed system is accurate?

It has little interaction with its environment.

What are issues with the classical viewpoint? (Choose every correct answer.)

It is overly mechanistic. It fails to account for the importance of human needs. It views humans as cogs in a machine.

What are the contemporary approaches to management?

Learning organizations Shared value and sustainable development High-performance practices

Which management perspectives typically consider an organization to be a closed system? (Choose every correct answer.)

Management science perspective Classical management viewpoint

Identify the two theorists who contributed the most to the human relations movement.

Maslow McGregor

According to the systems viewpoint, what are three types of inputs?

Money People Equipment

Maslow's hierarchy of human needs proposes that people are motivated by which needs? (Choose every correct answer.)

Physiological Self-actualization Love Esteem Safety

Operations management does which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)

Plays an important role in managing the supply chain Governs managers' decisions about how to increase productivity and efficiency Assists managers with decisions regarding how to achieve the highest quality goods and services

The management approach of _____ was one of the first to recognize that enriching the lives of organizational and community family was just as important as a company making a profit?

Spaulding

A supervisor who considers employees to be irresponsible and resistant to change would be characterized as a Theory _______ manager.

X

If you believe your employees are capable of taking on responsibility with sufficient self-direction and self-control, you are a Theory ___ manager.

Y

What are the two branches of the classical viewpoint of management?

administrative scientific

The _____ viewpoint places emphasis on the importance of understanding the actions of humans and the motivation and encouragement of employees toward achievement?

behavioral

Which approach to management relies upon research in psychology, sociology, anthropology, and economics in order to develop theories about human behavior that can be used to provide practical tools for managers?

behavioral science

What is the focus of PRME?

business education

In terms of the systems viewpoint, _______ is information about the reaction of the environment to the outputs that affects the inputs.

feedback

In order to follow Mary Parker Follett's concept of integration, a company should ______.

hold meetings between managers and workers to solve problems in a mutually beneficial way

Maslow and McGregor focused on the study of ______ as it relates to increasing worker productivity.

human relations

Scientific management is the study of work methods to improve the productivity of _____.

individual worker

According to the systems perspective, transformational processes are responsible for turning

inputs into outputs

James has a small bakery specializing in gourmet brownies. Based on the systems viewpoint, the flour, sugar, yeast, and eggs he uses in baking would be considered _______, whereas the decorated brownies he sells to customers would be considered _______.

inputs, outputs

A system is a set of _____ parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose.

interrelated

A learning organization: (Choose every correct answer.)

is able to modify its behavior to reflect new knowledge actively creates, acquires, and transfers knowledge within itself

The scientific approach to management emerged in the early 20th century when companies wished to increase worker productivity to counteract _____.

labor shortages

Theory X managers view workers as

lacking ambition

The classical viewpoint of management emphasizes ways to ______.

manage work more efficiently

Peter Drucker is credited with providing the first modern handbook on the subject of ______.

management

When Mary Parker Follett referred to the use of "communities" within an organization, she meant that ______.

managers and subordinates should work together to solve issues

Operations management focuses on _____.

managing the production and delivery of an organization's products or services more effectively

One issue with the classical viewpoint is that it tends to view humans as cogs in a machine, thereby rendering it overly _____.

mechanistic

Charles Clinton Spaulding, one of the pioneering theorists of administrative management, proposed eight _____ of management based in part on his childhood experiences working at his father's fields.

necessities

Systems that have continual interaction with their environment are known as _____ systems.

open

According to Henri Fayol, what are the major functions of management? (Choose every correct answer.)

organizing leading planning controlling

The application of quantitative techniques, such as statistics and computer simulations, to management is called _____ management.

quantitative

Evidence-based management focuses on bringing _____ to the decision process.

rationality

Shared value and development consider environmental and social effects of business as well as profit.

sustainable

An open system fosters the idea that two or more forces combined create an effect that is greater than the sum of their individual effects. This is known as _____.

synergy

A set of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose is called a(n) _____.

system

Henri Fayol is credited with being the first person to ______ management behavior.

systematize

The behavioral management viewpoint emphasized

the importance of understanding human behavior and motivating employees to achieve

Tyrone is reviewing customer response forms and learns that while some people like the company's new outerwear designs, the majority of customers do not. Which part of a system is Tyrone using to get his information?

feedback