Chapter 2 - Nursing research and evidence based practice
A nurse is reviewing nursing theory for usefulness in a home healthcare setting. Which is the appropriate application of Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Model in a home healthcare setting?
Match the client's self-care needs with appropriate supportive interventions
What is the central theme of Florence Nightingale's nursing theory?
Meeting the personal needs of the client within the environment.
What is the research practice gap
Much of what is known from research has not been applied in practice
What is the best explanation for the way evidence-based practice (EBP) has changed the way nursing care is delivered?
Nursing care now uses EBP as a means of ensuring quality care.
A nursing instructor would like to study the effect peer tutoring has on student success. What is the independent variable?
Peer tutoring
A nurse manager is using the AACN PEARL tool as a resource in a hospital setting. Which statements describe examples of the chief focus of this resource? Select all that apply.
The nurse uses PEARL to plan change initiatives for the unit. The nurse uses PEARL to find tools to improve client outcomes. The nurse uses PEARL to share critical learning with staff.
A nurse researcher is studying female clients who have survived breast cancer. The nurse asks each client to describe her experience and then analyzes the data for the meaning of the experience within each person's own reality. This nurse has used what type of qualitative research method?
Phenomenology
What is step four of implementing EBP
Integrate the evidence with clinical expertise, or preference and values in making a decision to change
Who developed their theory of human needs in terms of physical and psychosocial needs
Abraham Maslow
What is step one of implementing EBP
Ask a question about a clinical area of interest or an intervention
In today's healthcare environment nurses use theories to guide all stages of the nursing process. Which of the following are examples of ways that a nurse can utilize theories to guide client care?
Collect client data. Organize client information. Classify client data. Analyze client situations.
What is step two of implementing EBP
Collect the most relevant and best evidence
A nursing student is describing abstract ideas with a group of peers. The student says that these ideas can be a group of objects with relationships. The nursing instructor knows that the student is describing which of the following?
Concepts
A nursing theory differs from a theoretical framework in which way?
Concepts and propositions are more specific and present or explain some phenomenon systematically
A nurse is reviewing a qualitative research study. Which aspects of this type of study would the nurse need to keep in mind?
Control or manipulation is rarely used. Reality is not viewed as a fixed entity. Intuition is used for analysis.
What is step three of implementing EBP
Critically appraise the evidence
A nursing student is describing building nursing theory during a fundamentals nursing class. The student describes that a theory can be built by looking at an idea as a whole and then breaking the idea down into smaller, more specific ideas. The nursing instructor knows that the student is describing which of the following?
Deductive reasoning
How are personal philosophies developed
Learning from interpersonal relationships, formal/ informal educational experiences, religion , culture and environment
What is the ultimate goal in theory based nursing
Improved patient care
A nursing student is describing building nursing theory during a fundamentals nursing class. The student implies that a theory can be built by looking at a group of specific ideas and then drawing conclusions that relate to a general idea. The nursing instructor knows that the student is describing which of the following?
Inductive reasoning
Who developed the general systems theory for universal application
Ludwig von Bertalanffy
During an in-class review of nursing research a student asks the instructor why evidence-based practice is considered the best way to practice nursing. The correct response from the instructor includes that the actions by the nurse are based upon which of the following?
Published research National standards National guidelines Targeted literature
When a researcher begins to form plans for a research project, the researcher must decide on the method for conducting the research. The nurse researcher that plans to emphasize collection of narrative data and the analyses would select which of the following methods of research?
Qualitative research
Which skill is foundational for a nursing student's participation in the evidence-based practice process?
Read and understand a research article.
The use of research in nursing provides which benefits?
Reviews of clinical research provide a basis for best practice guidelines. Research serves as a resource for evaluating care. Research findings are used to develop innovative methods to sharpen assessment and diagnostic skills.
Following the identification of a researchable problem, what must the nurse do?
Select literature relevant to the problem.
A nurse researcher is preparing to conduct a research study. To ensure that the study is ethical, the nurse would need to adhere to which human right?
Self-determinism Privacy Anonymity Fair treatment
A nurse researcher is preparing to conduct a research study. To ensure that the study is ethical, the nurse would need to adhere to which human right? Select all that apply.
Self-determinism Privacy Anonymity Fair treatment
A nurse providing care has a personal philosophy that nursing interventions should be instituted for clients when the clients demonstrate ineffective adaptive responses. This nurse's philosophy is based on the theory of:
Sister Callista Roy
The second step in implementation of evidence-based practice includes systematic review. In order to complete a systematic review of the literature the nurse must do which of the following?
Summarize findings from multiple studies that are related to a particular nursing practice. Explanation:
How are the first stages of the nursing process and nursing research linked?
The nurse assesses problems initially.
The nursing instructor is teaching about nursing theories. Students are asked to identify facts related to nursing theory. Which of the following facts are true regarding nursing theory?
The ultimate outcome for nursing theory is improved client care. Nursing theory provides a rationale for the care that nurses provide. Nursing theories may be descriptive or prescriptive. Nursing theory provides a focus for care that is delivered to clients.
Which statement best explains the importance of theoretic frameworks?
Theoretic frameworks advance nursing knowledge and practice.
What types of knowledge is done from subjective data
Traditional/ authoritative
What was the sacred cow in nursing
an idea, custom, or institution held especially unreasonably to be above criticism but not ebp
The nurse subscribes to the Basic Needs theory. Which action exemplifies this theory by the nurse
assisting the client to the bedside commode
The nurse subscribes to the Basic Needs theory. Which action exemplifies this theory by the nurse?
assisting the client to the bedside commode
In what way can a nurse differentiate strong research from poor research?
by critiquing the study
One of the primary focuses of nursing research is to:
generate knowledge to guide practice
The nurse is reading about nursing theorists for a class. The theory reveals the following, "Individuals who use self-care to sustain life and health, to recover from disease or injury, or to cope with its effects." Which individual developed this theory?
Dorothea Orem
A nurse manager is attempting to switch the medical records in an orthopedic office to a computerized format. The nurse asks questions about the accuracy and efficiency of the current record keeping system by using the PICO format. Which statements illustrate the components of this process?
P: The nurse chooses the population involved (orthopedic clients). I: The nurse considers interventions to make the plan work. C: The nurse compares the written records to the computerized records.
Who based their theory on psychosocial development in the development theory
Erik Erickson
The National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) was established following a study in 1983. The center's purpose is to:
promote research for health promotion.
EBP
integrating best current evidence with clinical expertise and patient and family preferences and values for delivery of optimal health care
Why would there be a lack of EBP
lack of value for research
A nursing theorist studies health care systems in communities. Which statement accurately describes a characteristic of these systems?
Boundaries separate health care systems both from each other and from the environment.
The nurse is preparing to submit a research project to the institutional review board (IRB). What outcome does the nurse determine will occur when the project passes through the IRB?
Ethical principles will be followed for all participants.
What is step five of implementing EBP
Evaluate the practice decision or change
A nurse researcher is examining the cause-and-effect relationship between the consumption of tap water containing minimal amounts of bleach, and the incidence of cancer in rats. The research is taking place in a laboratory setting. What type of quantitative research is being used based upon this description?
Experimental research
Who is considered to be the first nursing theorist who conceptualized nursing in terms of manipulating the environment?
Florence Nightingale
A nurse is planning to conduct a nursing research study and is seeking federal funding. Which institution would be most helpful for the nurse to contact funding?
National Institute of Nursing Research
If a nurse describes a study of people and the nursing profession including studies of education, policy development, ethics, and nursing history, then what is the nurse defining?
Nursing research
Which activity systematically inquires about the problems encountered in nursing practice and into the modalities of client care?
Nursing research
The nursing instructor asks a group of students to identify a theory that describes, explains, predicts, and controls outcomes in nursing practice. One student correctly identifies this theory as what?
Nursing theory
The nursing instructor is reviewing common concepts in nursing theory with the class. There are four concepts that are related to the practice of nursing. Students identify which of the following as core concepts for nursing theory.
Person (client) Environment Health Nursing
A nurse is discussing dietary issues with a Latino client in the clinic. The client states, "I read a research article about the importance of beans in the Latino diet. The findings from the study suggested that inclusion of meat and beans in the diet would help in the development of muscles and bones." The information that the client is expressing is known as what?
Scientific knowledge
A nurse working on a busy acute care unit is planning care for a group of clients. Which nursing action best exemplifies the primary focus of the nurse's role?
The nurse comforts a client who received bad results from a diagnostic test.
A nurse is preparing to conduct a research study and chooses a mixed method of research. The nurse chooses this method based on the understanding that the results will:
provide a more complex level of understanding.
The nurse is caring for a client who had a recent diagnosis of diabetes. Which action demonstrates that the nurse is utilizing the Basic Needs theory?
providing foot care for the client
A nurse is planning to participate in a research project and is looking for information about what is already known about the topic. The nurse is involved in which step of the research process?
scientific literature review
Evidence-based care emphasizes decision making based on the best available evidence and:
use of outcome studies to guide decisions.