Chapter 2- Orion

Any solution that has more H+ than OH− is called a(n) _______ solution.

Acidic

The smallest units of matter that retain the properties of an element are A : ions B : atoms C : molecules D : neutrons

B : atoms

The standard unit for measuring the mass of an atom is called a A : newton B : dalton C : ion D : valence

B : dalton

Which of the following is/are considered fibrous proteins? Select all that apply. A : insulin B : keratin C : dystrophin D : fibrin E : elastin F : albumin

B : keratin C : dystrophin D : fibrin E : elastin

The nucleus of an atom is composed of A : electrons and neutrons B : protons and neutrons C : protons and isotopes D : protons and electrons

B : protons and neutrons

If an atom has 4 electrons, what is the atomic number? A : 8 B : 6 C : 4 D : 2

C : 4

Which of the following is an anion? A : S B : K+ C : NaCl D : OH−

D : OH-

The formation of ionic bonds occurs whenever ions with opposite charges A : form isotopes B : form elements C : repel each other D : attract each other

D : attract each other

Regarding water, what do cohesion and surface tension have in common? A : both are the result of the electronegativity of oxygen B : both are produced by covalent bonding C : both are the results of ionic bonding D : both are related to hydrogen bonding

D : both are related to hydrogen bonding

_________ is a component in hemoglobin.

Iron

The dense central core of an atom is called the ____________.

Nucleus

Helium has _____ protons and therefore has electron shell(s).

One

The element represented by the chemical symbol Na is __________.

Sodium

The maximum number of electrons that the first shell of an atom can hold is A : 2 B : 6 C : 4 D : 8

A : 2

To change an atom into an atom of a different element, you would need to change the number of A : protons B : neutrons C : electron shells D : electrons in the valence shell

A : Protons

Which of the following is a cation? A : S B : K+ C : OH− D : NaCl

B : K+

In a suspension, the solutes will eventually A : disintegrate B : settle out C : blend D : evaporate

B : settle out

The crystalline structure of NaCl is attributed to A : the formation of polar covalent bonds B : the opposite charges of the Na and Cl ions C : the formation of nonpolar covalent bonds D : the formation of hydrogen bonds

B : the opposite charges of the Na and Cl ions

If a neutral atom becomes a negative ion, it has A : gained protons B : lost protons C : lost electrons D : gained electrons

D : gained electrons

Nonpolar molecules that are not soluble in water are A : vaporized B : inorganic C : hydrophilic D : hydrophobic

D : hydrophobic

If chlorine has an atomic mass of 35 and hydrogen has an atomic mass of 1, then 1 mole of HCl would be A : 34 g B : 36 g C : 35 g D : 1 g

B : 36 g

An anion has a _______ charge.

Negative

The atomic number of an element is determined by the number of A : protons B : protons plus neutrons C : electrons D : neutrons

A : Protons

Matter can be defined as anything that occupies space and _________. A : has mass B : is non-living C : is living D : is visible

A : has mass

Isotopes differ in _____________ not atomic number. A : density B : volume C : mass

C : mass

The overall charge of an atom is A : negative B : variable C : neutral D : positive

C : neutral

Which of the following best describes chemical energy? A : water that is held by a dam B : a moving vehicle C : an unopened soda can D : walking E : a battery

E : a battery

Which of the following is considered a molecule and a compound? A : H2O B : H2 C : O2 D : N2

A : H2O

Covalent bonding can occur between atoms of the same element. A : True B : False

A : True

Isotopes are atoms of an element with same number of protons but have A : a different number of neutrons B : a different number of electrons C : a different number of orbitals D : the same number of neutrons

A : a different number of neutrons

Which of the following is/are true of enzymes? Select all that apply. A : are considered proteins B : raise the amount of energy required to start a reaction C : raises the temperature to increase reaction rate D : remain unchanged at the end of a reaction E : speed up chemical reactions

A : are considered proteins D : remain unchanged at the end of a reaction E : speed up chemical reactions

Which of the following applies to the outermost electron shell in an atom? Select all that apply. A : atom is chemically stable if outermost shell is full B : can hold up to 8 electrons C : atoms with full valence shells always form chemical bonds D : called the valence shell E : called the active shell

A : atom is chemically stable if outermost shell is full B : can hold up to 8 electrons D : called the valence shell

Which of the following describes covalent bonds? Select all that apply. A : can form between atoms of the same element B : can be polar or non-polar C : forms when electrons are lost or gained D : most common chemical bond in the body E : forms when electrons are shared

A : can form between atoms of the same element B : can be polar or non-polar D : most common chemical bond in the body E : forms when electrons are shared

When atoms interact chemically with other atoms, they lose, gain, or share A : electrons B : neutrons C : protons and neutrons D : protons

A : electrons

When an atom loses or gains electrons and has either a positive or negative charge, it forms a(n) A : ion B : molecule C : element D : isotope

A : ion

The atomic mass of an atom is determined by the A : proton number plus neutron number B : proton number plus electron number C : neutron number only D : electron number only

A : proton number plus neutron number

Which of the following applies to inorganic compounds? Select all that apply. A : structurally simple B : always have covalent bonds C : cannot be used by cells to perform biological functions D : carbon dioxide E : always contain carbon F : water

A : structurally simple C : cannot be used by cells to perform biological functions D : carbon dioxide F : water

Identify this reaction: A + B → AB A : synthesis reaction B : reversible reaction C : exchange reaction D : decomposition reaction

A : synthesis reaction

The electron shell model of an atom is useful in describing A : the arrangement of electrons outside the nucleus B : the amount of energy found in an electron C : the properties of an atom D : the exact location of all the neutrons

A : the arrangement of electrons outside the nucleus

Which of the following is/are true of chemical reactions? Select all that apply. A : chemical reactions occur by breaking old bonds and forming new bonds B : the reactants and products have the same number of atoms C : reactants and products have different chemical properties D : the atoms of the reactants are same as the atoms of the products E : total mass of reactants does not equal total mass of products F : foundation of all life processes

A, B, C, D, F A : chemical reactions occur by breaking old bonds and forming new bonds B : the reactants and products have the same number of atoms C : reactants and products have different chemical properties D : the atoms of the reactants are same as the atoms of the products F : foundation of all life processes

The element phosphorous has 15 protons, 16 neutrons, and 15 electrons. Which of the following would be an isotope of phosphorous? A : 16 protons, 16 neutrons, 16 electrons B : 15 protons, 17 neutrons, 15 electrons C : 17 protons, 16 neutrons, 15 electrons D : 15 protons, 16 neutrons, 17 electrons

B : 15 protons, 17 neutrons, 15 electrons

If an atom has an atomic number of 17 and a mass number of 35, how many neutrons are in the nucleus? A : 52 B : 18 C : 17 D : 35

B : 18

In the equation 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O, identify the product. A : O2 only B : 2H2O C : 2H2 only D : 2H2 + O2

B : 2H2O

Neon does not participate in bond formation with other atoms. This is because it has _______ electrons in its outer shell. A : 2 B : 8 C : 6 D : 4

B : 8

Which of the following represents the chemical symbol for carbon? A : Na B : C C : B D : Ca

B : C

When two or more atoms bond by sharing electrons, they form A : a catalyst B : a molecule C : an isotope D : a unit

B : a molecule

Which element forms backbone chains and rings of all organic compounds? A : nitrogen B : carbon C : hydrogen D : oxygen

B : carbon

Which of the following statements apply to water? Select all that apply. A : is a non-polar molecule B : considered the universal solvent C : forms solutions D : most abundant compound in the body E : can participate in many reactions F : functions as a lubricant G : low heat capacity

B : considered the universal solvent C : forms solutions D : most abundant compound in the body E : can participate in many reactions F : functions as a lubricant

The subatomic particles in an atom that are move around the nucleus are A : protons and neutrons B : electrons only C : neutrons only D : protons only

B : electrons only

An isotope of boron would A : be negatively charged B : have more neutrons than the usual boron atom C : be positively charged D : have more electrons than the usual boron atom

B : have more neutrons than the usual boron atom

The bonds between molecules like water are called A : covalent and ionic bonds B : hydrogen bonds C : ionic bonds D : covalent bonds

B : hydrogen bonds

Which of the following are true statements regarding matter? Select all that apply. A : matter exists in two states: liquid and gas B : matter exists in three states: liquid, solid and gas C : matter can only be non-living D : matter can be living or non-living E : all forms of matter are made up of chemical elements

B : matter exists in three states: liquid, solid and gas D : matter can be living or non-living E : all forms of matter are made up of chemical elements

Which of the following is used as a basis for the pH scale? A : the amount of water in a solution B : the concentration of H+ in moles per liter C : the concentration of OH- in moles per liter D : the percentage of hydrogen bonds in moles per liter

B : the concentration of H+ in moles per liter

Which of the following is/are true regarding radioisotopes? Select all that apply. A : used as antioxidants B : used in medical imaging procedure C : have no beneficial uses D : used to treat a variety of cancers E : used as tracers to follow movement of substances in the body

B : used in medical imaging procedure D : used to treat a variety of cancers E : used as tracers to follow movement of substances in the body

Which of the following is an example of an exchange reaction? A : Na + Cl ------> NaCl B : H+ + HCO3 - ------> H2 CO3 C : AgNO3 + KCL ------> AgCl + KNO3 D : 2H2O ------> 2H2 + O2

C : AgNO3 + KCL ------> AgCl + KNO3

Which of the following represents the chemical symbol for oxygen? A : C B : O C : H D : Na

C : O

Compounds that have the general formula CH2O are A : proteins B : nucleotides C : carbohydrates D : lipids

C : carbohydrates

Which pentose sugar is found in DNA? A : glucose B : ribose C : deoxyribose D : lactose

C : deoxyribose

For an atom of an element to be considered electrically neutral A : proton number must equal neutron number B : proton number, electron number and neutron number must all be equal C : proton number must equal electron number D : electron number must equal neutron number

C : proton number must equal electron number

If the pH of saliva is 6.8, then the pH of saliva is A : very acidic B : slightly basic C : slightly acidic D : neutral

C : slightly acidic

One characteristic shared by all organic molecules is A : they all are isomers B : the formation of rings C : that they all have a carbon skeleton D : that they all contain sulfur

C : that they all have a carbon skeleton

Which of the following is/are true regarding the element oxygen? Select all that apply. A : makes body fluids more acidic B : makes up 18.5% of total body mass C : used temporarily to store chemical energy D : used to generate ATP E : needed for blood clotting

C : used temporarily to store chemical energy D : used to generate ATP

_________ is found in bones and teeth and is needed for blood clotting.

Calcium

Chlorine has 17 protons. How many electrons would chlorine have when it is electrically neutral? A : 2 B : 16 C : 18 D : 17

D : 17

There are 92 naturally occurring elements on Earth. How many of these elements are normally found in the human body? A : 4 B : 8 C : 14 D : 26

D : 26

Nitrogen has a proton number of 7. How many electrons would be in the outermost shell? A : 7 B : 14 C : 2 D : 5

D : 5

The maximum number of electrons that the second shell of an atom can hold is A : 4 B : 6 C : 2 D : 8

D : 8

Which of the following is considered an element? A : HCl B : H2O C : NaCl D : H

D : H

Ionic compounds normally exist in which physical state? A : gas B : mixture C : liquid D : solid

D : Solid

If two types of compounds found in the same solution are not bonded to each other, the solution is called a A : suspension B : a concentration C : a colloid D : a mixture

D : a mixture

Which of the following are double-ringed purines? A : cytosine and guanine B : adenine and cytosine C : adenine and thymine D : adenine and guanine

D : adenine and guanine

Which of the following would affect the speed of a chemical reaction? A : temperature B : presence of a catalyst C : increased concentration of the reactants D : all of the choices are correct

D : all of the choices are correct

A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms is called a(n) A : hydrogen bond B : ionic bond C : inert bond D : covalent bond

D : covalent bond

When two atoms share two pairs of electrons, a _____________ is formed. A : hydrogen bond B : double ionic bond C : single covalent bond D : double covalent bond

D : double covalent bond

A sodium atom which has one electron in the valence shell would most likely A : gain one electron and become a negative ion B : share to have a complete shell C : bond with another sodium atom to be stable D : lose one electron and become a positive ion

D : lose one electron and become a positive ion

Which of the following is/are true regarding organic compounds? Select all that apply. A : useful in building body structures B : held together by hydrogen bonds C : all dissolve easily in water D : many are large and carry out complex functions E : contain distinctive functional groups F : contain carbon

D : many are large and carry out complex functions E : contain distinctive functional groups F : contain carbon

During ionization if chlorine gains an electron, its charge changes from neutral to _________.

Negative

_________ is a component of nucleic acids and ATP.

Phophorous

The element represented by the chemical symbol K is __________.

Potassium

If the number of _______ is known, any element can be identified.

Protons