Chapter 2-PSYCH 111

________ research uses past records or data sets to investigate research questions or to look for patterns or relationships.

archival

Simplicity of conducting the study is to ________ as ability to test large numbers of participants is to ________.

archival research; surveys

The possible range for a correlation coefficient is ________.

between -1 and +1

Krista and Tatiana Hogan are participants in a(n) ________ of conjoined twins who are joined at the head.

case study

The only way to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables is to conduct a(n) ________.

experiment

Peer reviewers ________.

help ensure quality control in reporting scientific findings

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a good hypothesis?

it is complex

What is a limitation that affects the generalizability of research results?

small sample size

In order to assess whether viewpoints on decriminalization of marijuana for medical purposes change with age, four groups of participants, ages 20, 30, 40, and 50, are asked whether they support this issue. What is one flaw of this design?

Social or cultural factors may influence the results, not age.

A major advantage of case studies is ________.

detailed information

The belief that strange behavior is linked to the occurrence of a full moon is an example of a(n) ________.

illusory correlation

The ________ is controlled by the experimenter.

independent variable

A(n) ________ is a description of how the researchers will measure the variables of interest.

operational definition

Trephination is the ________.

procedure where a large hole is created in the forehead so that evil spirits can escape

What is one task that a peer reviewer is not likely to participate in?

suggesting magazines that may be interested in publishing the research

________ is/are often conducted with large numbers of participants and can even be conducted by phone, email, or mail.

surveys

Magali and Jean-Gabriel have been asked to design a study investigating happiness across the lifespan. They decide their study will involve going to the mall and asking people of a variety of ages if they are happy or unhappy. What is the most serious flaw of this design?

they have not defined happiness or how it will be measured

Devine et al. are interested in assessing whether active versus passive play causes a preference for sweet or salty foods in toddlers. They assign groups of children to either an active play, passive play, or no play group and record their food choices when presented with a variety of sweet and salty foods. In this study, ________ is the independent variable and ________ is the control group.

type of play; no play

________ refers to the ability of an instrument or tool to accurately measure what it is supposed to measure.

validity