Chapter 2 psychology
What is a key difference between dendrites and axons?
One sends information and the other receives information.
sarah has experienced brain damage making it difficult for her to understand spatial layout. Which area of her brain has most likely sustained damage?
Parahippocampal place area (PPA)
If kittens are raised in an environment that contains only verticals, you would predict that most of the neurons in their visual cortex would respond best to the visual presentation of a
Pickett fence
Why is it easier to study brain tissue from newborn animals than brain tissue from adults?
The density of cells in a newborn brain is small compared with the density in an adult brain.
The fusiform face area (FFA) in the brain is often damaged in patients with
prosopagnosia
he value that stays the same as long as there are no signals in the neuron is known as
resting potiental
When conducting an experiment on how stimuli are represented by the firing of neurons, you notice that neurons respond differently to different faces. For example, Arthur's face causes three neurons to fire, with neuron 1 responding the most and neuron 3 responding the least. Roger's face causes three different neurons to fire, with neuron 7 responding the least and neuron 9 responding the most. Your results support __________ coding.
sparse
The idea that an object could be represented by the firing of a specialized neuron that responds only to that object is called _____________.
specificity coding
Groups of neurons or structures that are connected within the nervous system are called
neural networks
Groups of neurons or structures that are connected within the nervous system are called__________.
neural networks
A 10-month-old baby is interested in discovering different textures, comparing the touch sensations between a soft blanket and a hard wooden block. Tactile signals such as these are received by the __________ lobe.
pariental
the key structural components of neurons are the
cell body, axon, dendrites
The study of the physiological basis of cognition is known as
cognitive neuroscience
Determining the sequence of DNA in humans was a major scientific advance that opened the door to new ideas about illness and approaches to treatment. An individual's unique DNA sequence is similar to which of the following?
connectome
Which of the following terms does NOT reflect functional network activity in the brain?
consistent
Which of the following could be considered as always taking a "working vacation"?
default mode network
Brain imaging has made it possible to
determine which areas of the brain are involved in different cognitive processes
Neurons that respond to specific qualities of objects, such as orientation, movement, and length, are called
feature detectors
What does the principal of neural representation state?
Everything a person experiences is based on representations in the person's nervous system.
Which of the following statements is the most accurate with regard to specificity coding?
It is unlikely to be correct because there are too many stimuli in the world to have a separate neuron for each.
Which of the following is similar to early ideas scientists had about the brain's physical properties?
a web
Which part of a neuron transmits signals to other neurons?
axon
Which parts of neurons are also known as a "nerve fiber"?
axons
Your author points out that studying the mind requires both __________ and __________experiments.
behavioral; physiological
Josiah is trying to speak to his wife, but his speech is very slow and labored, often with jumbled sentence structure. Josiah may have damage to which area of the brain?
brocas area
What is the metabolic center of an individual neuron?
cell body
The __________ lobe of the cortex receives information from all of the senses and is responsible for coordination of the senses, as well as higher cognitive functions such as thinking and problem solving.
frontal
In the mid-20th century, the study of the mind began using which technique or model inspired by digital computers?
information processing model
Barbara has recently been diagnosed with abdominal cancer. Her oncologist wants to determine the best treatment method to eliminate the tumors. Her gastroenterologist is focused on relieving her symptoms and restoring normal digestive functioning. Barbara's psychologist works to help minimize her anxiety and keep her spirits up. The fact that these doctors are considering Barbara's situation with different goals and from different perspectives is similar to the idea of __________ presented in your textbook.
level of analysis
Paul Broca's and Carl Wernicke's research provided early evidence for
localization of function
Recording from single neurons in the brain has shown that neurons responding to specific types of stimuli are often clustered in specific areas. These results support the idea of
localization of function
Groups of interconnected neurons are referred to as
neural circuits
What is the gap between the end of a neuron's axon and the dendrites or cell body of another neuron known as?
synapse
Which substance is released when signals reach the synapse at the end of the axon?
neurotransmitter
Before the advent of intercoms, old mansions had a sash in each room. Each sash was connected to a bell on a master board in the servants' office. When someone pulled a sash in a particular room, a bell corresponding to the room would ring on the master board, informing a servant where to go to provide assistance. This system is similar to which of the following?
specificity coding