Chapter 2 Quiz

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4

How many covalent bonds can carbon form?

Hydrogen Bond

Important for protein and nucleic acid structure

atoms share pairs of electrons

In a covalent bond

protein

In phenylketonuria, an individual cannot break down the amino acid phenylalanine. Molecules that include phenylalanine build up in the blood, which causes mental retardation and other symptoms. This inherited disease can be controlled by following a diet that is very low in

releases energy from glucose during cellular respiration

In the body, oxygen

salts

Bases reacting with acids form ______ and water.

chemical reactions in organisms

Biochemistry is the study of

elements; atoms

Matter is composed of ____, which are composed of ____.

all of these

On the PH scale: -the lower the whole number on the scale, the greater the H+ concentration -pH values below 7 are acidic -pH values above 7 are basic -a tenfold difference in hydrogen ion concentration separates each whole number.

contain carbon; do not contain carbon

Organic molecules ______, whereas inorganic molecules _______.

nucleic acid

The type of organic molecule that can replicate is a

hydrogen bonds

The unique, three-dimensional structure of a protein molecule is determined largely by

half-life

the amount of time it takes for an isotope to break down to half of its original amount

three dimensional

A CT scan differs from a conventional X-ray image because it is

exchange reaction

A chemical reaction in which pairs of different molecules trade positions is a(n)

negative electrons and positive protons are equal

A complete atom is electrically neutral because the number of

AB --> A + B

A decomposition reaction can be symbolized by: -C + D --> AB -A + B --> C + D -None of the above -A + B --> AB -AB --> A + B

rises above 7.4

A person has alkalosis if the blood pH

has a molecular formula of C6H12O6

A simple carbohydrate: -is a building block of fat -has only one nucleotide -has a molecular formula of C6H12O6 -Consists of several joined chains -is a building block of protein

neutral

A solution that contains equal numbers of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions is

3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol

A triglyceride consists of

an exchange reaction

An acid reacting with a base is

lose 3 electrons from its second shell

An atom that has 3 electrons in its second shell and a filled first shell will

protein that speeds up chemical reactions without being changed or depleted

An enzyme is

protons; number of protons plus neutrons

Atomic number equals the number of _____ and the atomic weight equals the _______.

the composition and changes of substances that make up living as well as non-living matter

Chemistry deals with

all of these

Chemistry is important to the study of physiology because: -we eat chemicals -drugs are chemicals -chemical reactions enable our bodies to extract energy from nutrients -body functions reflect cellular functions that reflect chemical changes -all of these

a three dimensional shape of a molecule, such as a protein

Confirmation is

DNA holds genetic information and RNA uses that information to synthesize protein

DNA and RNA differ in that

growth of body parts

Synthesis reactions are particularly important in the body for

thyroid

The _____ uses the element iodide.

16

The atomic weight of an element whose atom contain 8 protons, 8 electrons, and 8 neutrons is

neutrons

The atoms of the isotopes of a particular element vary in the number of

different sizes and different weights

The atoms of two types of elements are likely to have

O, C, H, and N

The four most abundant elements in the human body are.

the bases are of several types and therefore can form a sequence

The informational content of DNA and RNA is in the nitrogenous bases because

Iodine-131

The isotope most likely to be used to study the thyroid gland is

concentration of hydrogen ions in solution

The pH scale measures the

the secondary and tertiary structures

The parts of a protein that change when in denatures are

dissociate

Water causes ionically-bonded molecules to

form a 3-D structure

When cations and anions meet they

Lipids

Which of the following compounds is not hydrophilic: -Nucleic Acids -Proteins -Water -Carbohydrates -Lipids

Cosmic radiation and gamma radiation

Which of the following is a form of ionizing radiation? -None of these -Neither cosmic nor gamma radiation -Gamma radiation -Cosmic radiation -Cosmic radiation and Gamma radiation

All of these

Which of the following is characteristic of carbohydrates? -They provide much of the energy that the cell requires -They often are stored as reserve energy supplies -They include sugars and starches -They contain C, H, O, with twice as many hydrogen as oxygen atoms -All of these

cholesterol and triglycerides

Which of the following is not a source of ionizing radiation?

oxygen

Which of the following is not organic?

Water

Which of the following is the most abundant inorganic substance in cells?

Triglycerides

Which of the following molecules does not have a polar region?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

Which of the following substances account for more than 95% of the human body?

Iron

Which of the following substances is an element?

carbon and hydrogen

an organic compound contains

Proteins

structural materials, chemical messengers; contain C, H, O, and sometimes sulfur; can function as enzymes

a molecule contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom

the formula H2O means


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