Chapter 2 Quiz
4
How many covalent bonds can carbon form?
Hydrogen Bond
Important for protein and nucleic acid structure
atoms share pairs of electrons
In a covalent bond
protein
In phenylketonuria, an individual cannot break down the amino acid phenylalanine. Molecules that include phenylalanine build up in the blood, which causes mental retardation and other symptoms. This inherited disease can be controlled by following a diet that is very low in
releases energy from glucose during cellular respiration
In the body, oxygen
salts
Bases reacting with acids form ______ and water.
chemical reactions in organisms
Biochemistry is the study of
elements; atoms
Matter is composed of ____, which are composed of ____.
all of these
On the PH scale: -the lower the whole number on the scale, the greater the H+ concentration -pH values below 7 are acidic -pH values above 7 are basic -a tenfold difference in hydrogen ion concentration separates each whole number.
contain carbon; do not contain carbon
Organic molecules ______, whereas inorganic molecules _______.
nucleic acid
The type of organic molecule that can replicate is a
hydrogen bonds
The unique, three-dimensional structure of a protein molecule is determined largely by
half-life
the amount of time it takes for an isotope to break down to half of its original amount
three dimensional
A CT scan differs from a conventional X-ray image because it is
exchange reaction
A chemical reaction in which pairs of different molecules trade positions is a(n)
negative electrons and positive protons are equal
A complete atom is electrically neutral because the number of
AB --> A + B
A decomposition reaction can be symbolized by: -C + D --> AB -A + B --> C + D -None of the above -A + B --> AB -AB --> A + B
rises above 7.4
A person has alkalosis if the blood pH
has a molecular formula of C6H12O6
A simple carbohydrate: -is a building block of fat -has only one nucleotide -has a molecular formula of C6H12O6 -Consists of several joined chains -is a building block of protein
neutral
A solution that contains equal numbers of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions is
3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol
A triglyceride consists of
an exchange reaction
An acid reacting with a base is
lose 3 electrons from its second shell
An atom that has 3 electrons in its second shell and a filled first shell will
protein that speeds up chemical reactions without being changed or depleted
An enzyme is
protons; number of protons plus neutrons
Atomic number equals the number of _____ and the atomic weight equals the _______.
the composition and changes of substances that make up living as well as non-living matter
Chemistry deals with
all of these
Chemistry is important to the study of physiology because: -we eat chemicals -drugs are chemicals -chemical reactions enable our bodies to extract energy from nutrients -body functions reflect cellular functions that reflect chemical changes -all of these
a three dimensional shape of a molecule, such as a protein
Confirmation is
DNA holds genetic information and RNA uses that information to synthesize protein
DNA and RNA differ in that
growth of body parts
Synthesis reactions are particularly important in the body for
thyroid
The _____ uses the element iodide.
16
The atomic weight of an element whose atom contain 8 protons, 8 electrons, and 8 neutrons is
neutrons
The atoms of the isotopes of a particular element vary in the number of
different sizes and different weights
The atoms of two types of elements are likely to have
O, C, H, and N
The four most abundant elements in the human body are.
the bases are of several types and therefore can form a sequence
The informational content of DNA and RNA is in the nitrogenous bases because
Iodine-131
The isotope most likely to be used to study the thyroid gland is
concentration of hydrogen ions in solution
The pH scale measures the
the secondary and tertiary structures
The parts of a protein that change when in denatures are
dissociate
Water causes ionically-bonded molecules to
form a 3-D structure
When cations and anions meet they
Lipids
Which of the following compounds is not hydrophilic: -Nucleic Acids -Proteins -Water -Carbohydrates -Lipids
Cosmic radiation and gamma radiation
Which of the following is a form of ionizing radiation? -None of these -Neither cosmic nor gamma radiation -Gamma radiation -Cosmic radiation -Cosmic radiation and Gamma radiation
All of these
Which of the following is characteristic of carbohydrates? -They provide much of the energy that the cell requires -They often are stored as reserve energy supplies -They include sugars and starches -They contain C, H, O, with twice as many hydrogen as oxygen atoms -All of these
cholesterol and triglycerides
Which of the following is not a source of ionizing radiation?
oxygen
Which of the following is not organic?
Water
Which of the following is the most abundant inorganic substance in cells?
Triglycerides
Which of the following molecules does not have a polar region?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Which of the following substances account for more than 95% of the human body?
Iron
Which of the following substances is an element?
carbon and hydrogen
an organic compound contains
Proteins
structural materials, chemical messengers; contain C, H, O, and sometimes sulfur; can function as enzymes
a molecule contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom
the formula H2O means
