Chapter 2, Study Guide

Statements which correctly describe the formation of binary ionic compounds

- Binary ionic compound typically forms when a metal reacts with a nonmetal - the metal atoms transfer electrons to the nonmetal atoms - A binary ionic compound results from the combination of anions and cations

When naming a binary covalent compound, the number of __ of each element is indicated by a greek numerical ___. The first element in the name is numbered only when more than __ atom of that element is present

atoms, prefix, one

A molecule is an independent structure composed of two or more atoms chemically __ together. A molecule composed of two atoms of the same element is called a __ molecule

bonded, diatomic

Most elements occur in compounds combined with other elements by forcing chemical __, which are formed by the interaction of the __ of the atoms involved

bonds, electrons

The formula of a __ compound represents the simplest ratio of the relative numbers of cations and anions present. The ratio is called the formula ___ of the compound

ionic, unit

All the elements in group 1A to 8A of the periodic table are called the __ elements or representative elements, while the elements in the B groups are called the __ metals

main-group, transition

An element is the simplest form of matter that has unique ___ and chemical properties. An element consists of only one kind of __

physical, atom

A unit that contains two or more atoms covalently bonded together but that has an overall charge is called __ ion. Many __ compounds contain such units

polyatomic, ionic

Covalent compounds form when elements __ electrons.which usually occurs between __. A covalent compound is electrically neutral and is composed of individual units called __

share, nonmetals, molecules

A formula unit is ___

the simplest ratio representing the relative number of cations and anions in an ionic compound

How to name monoatomic ions

- Anion names begin with the first part of the name of their parent element. - The cation of a main group element is the same as the name of the parent element

Which of the following options correctly describe the monoatomic ion most commonly formed by each element

- Cl gains 1 electron - Al loses 3 electron to form cation - P forms cation P3+

Which of the following correctly describe the mass number of an element

- The mass number is often written as a left subscript next to the atomic symbol. - The mass number is given by the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus - The mass number of an element is given the symbol A

Which of the following correctly describe atomic structure

- The number of protons equals the number of electrons in a neutral atom - The nucleus comprises a very small fraction of the total volume of the atom - The protons and neutrons together comprise most of the mass of the atom.

Which of the following statements correctly describe an element?

-An element may consist of two or more of the same atoms bonded together -An element consists of only one kind of atom

Homogenious Mixture Heterogenious Mixture

-Can't be separated normally, Sugar water - Can be separated easily separated

Which of the following are correct names for ionic compounds

-Copper(2) oxide -potassium chloride

Which of the following correctly describe hydrated ionic compounds

-Heating a hydrate can remove some or all of the water molecules - A hydrate has a specified number of water molecules associated with each formula unit -A greek prefix is used to indicate the number of H2O molecules per formula unit.

Which of the following is the monoatomic ion formed by an atom of nitrogen

-N3-

Which of the following statements correctly describe the bonding in NaCl, which is an ionic compound

-Na loses an electron to form the cation Na+ - The attraction between the oppositly charged ions is called the ionic bond - ionic bonds generally form when a metal bonds with a nonmetal

Which of the following options correctly describe a polyatomic ion

-The charge on a polyatomic ion belongs to the whole unit - The atoms of a polyatomic ion are held together by covalent bonds

Which combinations will result in an ionic compound that has a balanced number of positive and negative charges.

Ca2+ and 2F- 2Li+ and S2- Na+ and Br-

Which correctly describe how to name an ionic compound.

For a monoatomic anion, the suffix -ide is added The cation is named first and the anion second

Match the polyatomic ion with its formula

Sulfate- SO4 Sulfite- SO3 Permanganate- MnO4 Dichromate- Cr2O7 cyanide- CN or CN

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same __ number but a different __ number. That is because isotopes have the same number of protons but a different number of __.

atomic, mass, neutrons

Formula and molecular masses are calculated using the chemical __ of the relevant compound and atomic masses obtained from the __ table. The __ of the atomic masses in the correct portions gives the formula or molecular mass of the compound

formula, periodic, sum

Which nonmetals exist as diatomic molecules at room tempature

oxygen, fluorine, nitrogen.

Which transition metals usually form one monoatomic cation.

-Cd -Ag -Zn

Which of the following correctly identify the usual form of each element at room tempature

-Cl2 - P4 - O2

Consider the formula for the ionic compound Na2O. Which of the following statements correctly interpret this formula

-The cation in this compound is Na+ - The compound contains 2 Na ions for every O2 ion

Charge of Elements

-Zn +2 Ag +1 -Cd +2

The formula mass of K2CO3 is

138.21amu

The correct formula for the compound dichlorine pentoxide is Cl_O_

2, 5

Compound names

BrO4 perbromate BrO3 bromate BrO2 bromite BrO hypobromite

Which of the following usually form only one monoatomic cation.

Cd Zn Ag

Which of the following statements correctly describe the atomic number of an element

Each element has its own unique atomic number - the atomic number is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus

Correct formula for iron(2) nitrate

Fe(NO3)2

Match the models

Molecular formula- Elements with numerical subscripts Structural formula- Shows relative placement and connections of atoms Ball and stick model- Shows the atoms as balls and the bonds as sticks Space filling model- Shows an accuratly scaled image of the molecules with spheres giving the relative size of the atoms, angles, and distance between the nuclei

Which correctly defines the atomic mass of an element

The average of the masses of the natural isotopes of the element, according to their abundance

Which describe covalent compound

The smallest unit of a covalent compound is called a molecule A covalent compound is formed when electrons are shared

An ionic bond is stronger for ions with __ charges and __ sizes

higher, smalller

The common name for the compound H2O is ___, while the compound NH3 is commonly known as __

water, ammonia