Chapter 20: Community Oral Health Planning and Practice

2. How much additional fluoride would be required to bring the F concentration of the water supply to the optimal level? a. 0.4 ppm F b. 0.7 ppm F c. 1 ppm F d. 0.4 to 0.9 ppm F

a. 0.4 ppm F***

55. What known characteristics about this population can be utilized in a community profile? Select THREE characteristics from the following list. a. Age b. Ethnicity c. Source of funding d. Gender e. Geographic location f. Literacy level g. Population setting

a. Age*** c. Source of funding*** g. Population setting***

13. Based on the survey results, which of the following is the highest-priority population to target with an intervention? a. Allied health technicians b. Clerical support staff c. Hospital administrators d. Hospital patients e. Nurses f. Physicians g. All the groups are equally important and should be targeted at the same time

a. Allied health technicians***

38. What would have been the BEST means of identifying the reported decay rate? a. Basic Screening Survey (BSS) b. Deft c. DMFT d. RCI

a. Basic Screening Survey (BSS)***

49. The application of the P1I in this study is an example of which step in the scientific method? a. Collection, organization, and analysis of data b. Formulation of a hypothesis c. Identification and statement of the problem d. Verification, rejection, or modification of the hypothesis

a. Collection, organization, and analysis of data***

47. Which theory of health promotion is exemplified by this program? a. Community organization b. Diffusion of innovation c. Organizational change d. Sense of coherence

a. Community organization***

48. What sampling technique is used for this study? a. Convenience sampling b. Judgmental or purposive sampling c. Random sampling d. Stratified random sampling e. Systematic sampling

a. Convenience sampling***

44. On the basis of the results of the survey, which health education theory is indicated as the foundation for an oral health education intervention to meet the goal? a. Health belief model b. Learning ladder c. Social cognitive theory d. Theory of reasoned action e. Transtheoretical model (stages of change theory)

a. Health belief model***

52. Which of the following is controlled by the procedures used with the examiners as they measure the plaque biofilm? a. Inter-examiner reliability b. Intra-examiner reliability c. Inter-examiner variability d. Intra-examiner variability

a. Inter-examiner reliability***

22. The stakeholders involved in this program represent what level of public health involvement? a. Local b. State c. National d. A combination of two or more levels

a. Local***

5. Which of the following agencies would be the BEST resource for program planning for this population? a. National Maternal and Child Oral Health Resource Center b. DHHS Centers for Medicare and Medicaid c. Public Health Service d. DHHS Human Resources and Services Administration

a. National Maternal and Child Oral Health Resource Center***

28. Which index would be appropriate to evaluate the improvement in the children's oral hygiene resulting from strategies introduced in this program? a. OHI-S b. PHP c. P1I d. Turesky modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque index e. Any of the above would be appropriate

a. OHI-S***

19. What type of data is being collected by the screening? a. Qualitative and primary b. Qualitative and secondary c. Quantitative and primary d. Quantitative and secondary

a. Qualitative and primary***

17. The data reported from the survey represent ordinal data. A pie chart is the most appropriate graphic representation of these results. a. Both statements are TRUE. b. Both statements are FALSE. c. The first statement is TRUE; the second statement is FALSE. d. The first statement is FALSE; the second statement is TRUE.

b. Both statements are FALSE.***

25. Which of the following would be MOST appropriate to explain during the informational session? a. Benefits of community water fluoridation b. Cause of early childhood caries c. Effectiveness of daily brushing d. Value of healthy food choices

b. Cause of early childhood caries***

51. What type of study is reflected by the methods of this research study? Select FOUR types of studies from the following list. a. Analytic study b. Clinical trial c. Double-blind study d. Experimental study e. Posttest only study f. Retrospective study g. Time-series study

b. Clinical trial*** c. Double-blind study*** d. Experimental study*** g. Time-series study***

41. Which of the following should be done FIRST in this program? a. Contact key community leaders to obtain a broad base of support for fluoridation. b. Determine the fluoride level of the community water supply. c. Organize a massive community educational program about the benefits and safety of fluoridation. d. Schedule a referendum to allow the citizens to express their opinion about fluoridation. e. Testify before the city council to convince them to fluoridate the water.

b. Determine the fluoride level of the community water supply.***

42. Which of the following programs has the HIGHEST priority to further meet the needs of this population? a. Conduct a daily classroom fluoride rinse program. b. Establish dental homes and refer children for treatment. c. Make plans to implement school water fluoridation. d. Plan a health fair for children and their families.

b. Establish dental homes and refer children for treatment.***

32. What is the BEST teaching method for the psychomotor learning in this program? a. Demonstration b. Guided practice c. Lecture d. A video presentation

b. Guided practice***

12. What is the BEST measure of the success of this program? a. Administrative support for the program b. Improved oral health indicators of the residents c. Improved oral hygiene of the residents d. Increased availability of oral hygiene supplies for use by the residents e. Increased oral health knowledge of the staff

b. Improved oral health indicators of the residents***

20. Which term BEST describes the extent of oral cancer lesions found at the 1-year evaluation screening? a. Count b. Incidence c. Prevalence d. Proportion e. Rate

b. Incidence***

9. Which component of the SMART objective is missing? a. Achievable b. Measurable c. Relevant d. Specific e. Time-bound

b. Measurable ***

53. What is the BEST way for the dental hygienist to assess the actual oral hygiene routines in the group home? a. Assess the values of caregivers by conducting focus groups. b. Measure the plaque biofilm and gingivitis scores of residents over time. c. Observe the residents' ability to brush correctly. d. Observe the caregivers' ability to brush correctly. e. Survey the beliefs and attitudes of caregivers with a questionnaire.

b. Measure the plaque biofilm and gingivitis scores of residents over time.***

3. What is the first step that should be accomplished to conduct this program? a. Develop a lesson plan for the educational session for the pregnant teens. b. Meet with the people involved to determine program goals and objectives. c. Plan an educational presentation for the day care children. d. Request funding for oral hygiene supplies from the local health department. e. Select teaching strategies for the educational program.

b. Meet with the people involved to determine program goals and objectives.***

11. Which of the following programs should be planned to address one of the Healthy People 2020 Oral Health objectives for this target population? a. Denture marking and educational presentation on denture care b. Oral cancer screening and referral, as needed c. Referral to a Medicaid provider for dental treatment d. Screening of periodontal condition and referral, as needed e. Treatment with fluoride varnish to control dentinal hypersensitivity

b. Oral cancer screening and referral, as needed***

54. From initial observations, what Healthy People 2020 objective is MOST applicable to this target group? a. Reduce untreated dental decay in children and adults. b. Reduce gingivitis and destructive periodontal disease in adults. c. Increase detection of oral cancer lesions at stage I. d. Increase annual use of dental services by residents of long-term care facilities.

b. Reduce gingivitis and destructive periodontal disease in adults.***

16. Which step of program planning is BEST represented by the survey described in the scenario? a. Analysis of needs b. Collection of data c. Determination of priorities d. Implementation and strategy development e. Program evaluation

c. Determination of priorities***

30. Which of the following terms BEST describes the situation described related to the flu? a. Cluster b. Endemic c. Epidemic d. Occurrence e. Pandemic

c. Epidemic***

4. Which index would be appropriate to determine the rate of pregnancy gingivitis in this population? a. CPI b. CPITN c. GI d. PSR

c. GI***

35. What is the BEST way for the students to provide the final report? a. Discuss the results at a meeting with the administrators in which they provide a written proposal of the funding request. b. Include in the written proposal a list of the clients with their baseline and posttest cleanliness scores. c. Include in the written proposal tables and graphs that summarize the pretest and posttest denture cleanliness data. d. Write a few paragraphs in the proposal that describe the statistical analysis of the pretest and posttest denture cleanliness data.

c. Include in the written proposal tables and graphs that summarize the pretest and posttest denture cleanliness data.***

5. Lack of compliance with the dental referral could be a result of which TWO of the following factors? a. Cost of dental care b. Lack of available appointments c. Lack of transportation to the dental clinic d. Low dentist-to-population ratio e. Low health literacy

c. Lack of transportation to the dental clinic*** e. Low health literacy***

26. All the following would be an appropriate source of funding for this program EXCEPT a. CHIP. b. Head Start grant. c. Medicare. d. Medicaid. e. private funding from a local foundation.

c. Medicare.***

7. What level of oral hygiene is revealed by the mean P1I? a. No plaque present b. Slight plaque present c. Moderate plaque present d. Severe plaque present e. Cannot be determined from the information provided

c. Moderate plaque present***

46. The dental referral by the medical clinic is an example of which characteristic of public health? a. Application of biostatistics to analyse population health problems b. Community rather than the individual as the client c. Multidisciplinary team approach to solving public health problems d. Social responsibility for oral health

c. Multidisciplinary team approach to solving public health problems***

23. What is the BEST method to use for the weekly evaluation of the caregivers' ability to conduct oral cancer screening in this program? a. Administer a weekly written test over the cancer screening procedure. b. Interview the residents about the caregivers' technique. c. Observe the caregivers conducting oral cancer screening. d. Survey the family members about the caregivers' technique.

c. Observe the caregivers conducting oral cancer screening.***

21. Which core public health function is exemplified by the potential future establishment of a new program protocol? a. Assessment b. Assurance c. Policy development d. Prevention

c. Policy development***

56. Which of the following is the BEST use of the dental hygienist in this situation? a. Conduct an educational program on daily oral hygiene care for the residents b. Make available dental hygiene services for the residents using portable equipment c. Present a in-service training program to the group home staff d. Provide daily oral hygiene care for the residents

c. Present a in-service training program to the group home staff***

31. Which of the following is an ethical responsibility of the students and faculty who are implementing this program? a. Communicate oral findings to the staff of the facility. b. Prepare a formal report of findings to submit to the health department. c. Refer clients who have suspicious lesions identified during the program. d. Take the dentures back to the dental hygiene clinic to clean them more thoroughly.

c. Refer clients who have suspicious lesions identified during the program.***

27. Which preventative program is indicated for this target population? a. Distribution of fluoridated dentifrice b. Professional fluoride applications every 6 months c. School fluoride varnish program d. School sealant program e. Water fluoridation

c. School fluoride varnish program***

6. The correlation between the RCI and P1I demonstrates what relationship between root caries and plaque biofilm in this target population? a. Moderate positive b. Strong negative c. Strong positive d. Weak negative e. Little if any

c. Strong positive***

10. All the following preventative programs are indicated by the assessment results EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception? a. Educational presentation on basic oral hygiene b. Referral for restorative treatment c. Use of a 0.12% chlorhexidine rinse daily d. Daily use of a higher-concentration fluoride dentifrice

c. Use of a 0.12% chlorhexidine rinse daily***

1. Which of the following roles of the dental hygienist is illustrated by this activity? a. Administrator b. Advocate c. Clinician d. Educator

d. Educator***

14. Which of the following is the BEST instructional objective for this initiative? a. After completing the educational program, participants will understand the harmful effects of tobacco and how they contribute to oral and systemic diseases and conditions. b. Participants will be able to list recommended methods to control cravings that can lead to failure. c. Ninety percent of the staff will voluntarily participate in the program during the first month of availability. d. On completion of the computer-based educational program, staff members will be able to correctly identify 80% of the harmful ingredients in tobacco.

d. On completion of the computer-based educational program, staff members will be able to correctly identify 80% of the harmful ingredients in tobacco.***

18. What type of study is represented by evaluating the change of knowledge as a result of the educational component? a. Case-control b. Correlational c. Crossover d. Pretest/posttest e. Time-series

d. Pretest/posttest***

57. Which of the following is an effective teaching strategy to raise the caregivers' compliance in this situation? a. Demonstrate to them the proper oral hygiene procedures. b. Provide a lecture for them on the importance of oral hygiene. c. Show them pictures of good oral health versus oral disease. d. Provide training on how to maintain personal oral hygiene skills for themselves.

d. Provide training on how to maintain personal oral hygiene skills for themselves.***

40. What is the basis for deciding to target this school with this program? a. Convenience b. Cultural diversity of the school c. Random selection of the school d. SES of the children in the school

d. SES of the children in the school***

29. Which of the following describes the level of ECC for the older age of this population? a. No smooth-surface caries is present. b. No cavitated lesions are present on anterior teeth. c. Number of carious lesions is less than four. d. The number of carious lesions is greater than five.

d. The number of carious lesions is greater than five.***

34. Which statistic is BEST to determine the statistical significance of the improved denture cleanliness? a. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) b. Chi-square c. Correlation coefficient d. The t test

d. The t test***

50. Which of the following is a statement of the null hypothesis for this study? a. Neither mouthrinse is effective in controlling plaque and gingivitis. b. Plaque and gingivitis are strongly associated. c. The 0.02% NaF mouthrinse and the 0.07% CPC mouthrinse differ in their ability to control plaque and gingivitis. d. There is no difference between the ability of the 0.02% NaF mouthrinse and the 0.07% CPC mouthrinse to control plaque and gingivitis. e. Which controls plaque and gingivitis better, the 0.02% NaF mouthrinse or the 0.07% CPC mouthrinse?

d. There is no difference between the ability of the 0.02% NaF mouthrinse and the 0.07% CPC mouthrinse to control plaque and gingivitis.***

24. Which of the following is indicated by the second component of the caries index used in this program? a. Decayed surface b. Decayed tooth c. Tooth that needs to be extracted because of the severity of decay d. Tooth that has been extracted because of decay e. Tooth that has naturally exfoliated

d. Tooth that has been extracted because of decay***

33. Which health education and health promotion theory is BEST reflected by the strategies used in the educational program? a. Health belief model b. Organizational change theory c. Social cognitive theory d. Trans-theoretical model (stages of change theory)

d. Trans-theoretical model (stages of change theory)***

37. What assessment classification is used with preschoolers and grade K in this program? a. Type I b. Type II c. Type III d. Type IV

d. Type IV***

36. Which of the following is a required action for this program? a. Phone call to each family to describe the program b. Presence if a dentist while the fluoride varnish is placed by hygienists c. Radiographs before placing sealants d. Written informed consent form signed by parents or legal guardians of all children who participate

d. Written informed consent form signed by parents or legal guardians of all children who participate***

8. What change in the DMFT scores would indicate that the needs are being met 5 years after implementation of a program? a. Decrease in the total DMFT score b. Decrease in D, no change in M, and increase in F c. No change in D, decrease in M, and increase in F d. Decrease in D, increase in M, and increase in F e. Both B and D could be acceptable indicators of success

e. Both B and D could be acceptable indicators of success***

15. What is the MOST important cultural factor to consider when planning an intervention for this population? a. Age b. Gender c. Educational level d. Ethnic background e. Health literacy

e. Health literacy***

39. The same education materials can be used with participants in the other schools in the district, because the cultural diversity of this population represents the cultural diversity of the general U.S. population. a. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. b. Both the statement and the reason are correct but NOT related. c. The statement is CORRECT, but the reason is NOT correct. d. The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is CORRECT. e. NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

e. NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.***

43. Which of the following is the BEST intervention to implement first to meet the goal of the program? a. Conduct a mailing program to remind pregnant women to schedule an appointment for a dental examination. b. Develop an oral health screening program to be implemented during prenatal care visits. c. Develop written educational materials for distribution during prenatal visits. d. Document the oral condition of the women who have complied and received a dental examination. e. Plan an educational presentation for the pregnant women on the relationship among oral health, systemic health, and the risks and consequences of diabetes.

e. Plan an educational presentation for the pregnant women on the relationship among oral health, systemic health, and the risks and consequences of diabetes.***