Chapter 20 Lymphatic System, Lymphoid Organs and Tissues

Which of the following are functions of lymphoid tissue? a. furnish an ideal surveillance vantage point for lymphocytes and macrophages b. house and provide a proliferation site for neutrophils c. house and provide a proliferation site for lymphocytes d. A and C

A and C

Why might lymphedema occur as a complication after a radical mastectomy, in which lymph nodes have been removed? a. Lymphedema will not occur: the lymph vessels will still be able to transport the lymph away from the area without the lymph nodes being present. b. Anything that prevents the normal return of lymph to the blood results in severe localized edema. c. Removal of any lymph nodes results in systemic edema, as lymph is not returned to the circulatory system. d. Lymphedema will not occur, as the blood vessels will carry away the excess accumulated fluid in the area.

Anything that prevents the normal return of lymph to the blood results in severe localized edema.

Select the correct statement about lymphocytes. a. The two main types are T cells and macrophages. b. T cells are the precursors of B cells. c. B cells produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies into the blood. d. T cells are the only form of lymphocyte found in lymphoid tissue.

B cells produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies into the blood.

All the lymphoid organs are well developed before birth. a. True b. False

False

In the spleen, red pulp is involved in the immune functions and white pulp is involved in disposing of worn-out RBCs. a. True b. False

False

Like blood, lymph flows both to and from the heart. a. True b. False

False

Peyer's patches are clusters of lymphoid tissue found primarily in the large intestine. a. True b. False

False

The cisterna chyli collects lymph from the lumbar trunks draining the upper limbs and from the intestinal trunk draining the digestive organs. a. True b. False

False

The simplest lymphoid organs are the lymph nodes. a. True b. False

False

There are more efferent lymphatic vessels leaving a lymph node than there are afferent vessels entering a lymph node. a. True b. False

False

Which of the following statements regarding the thymus is not true? a. Its stroma consists of epithelial tissue. b. It does not fight antigens. c. It functions strictly in T lymphocyte maturation. d. It has follicles similar to those in the spleen.

It has follicles similar to those in the spleen.

Protein-containing fluid within lymphatic vessels

Lymph

Small organs intimately associated with lymphatic vessels

Lymph Nodes

Select the correct statement about lymph transport. a. Lymph transport is faster than that occurring in veins. b. Under normal conditions, lymph vessels are very high-pressure conduits. c. Lymph transport depends on the movement of adjacent tissues, such as skeletal muscles. d. Lymph transport is only necessary when illness causes tissue swelling.

Lymph transport depends on the movement of adjacent tissues, such as skeletal muscles.

Select the correct statement about lymphoid tissue. a. T lymphocytes act by ingesting foreign substances. b. Lymphoid macrophages secrete antibodies into the blood. c. Lymphoid tissue is predominantly reticular connective tissue. d. Once a lymphocyte enters the lymphoid tissue, it resides there permanently.

Lymphoid tissue is predominantly reticular connective tissue.

Isolated clusters of lymph follicles found in the wall of the small intestine

Peyer's Patches

Largest lymphatic organ

Spleen

Store blood platelets

Spleen

While passing through a village on safari you notice a man with legs of drastically different sizes. What is the most likely reason for the increased size of the swollen leg? a. The man has cancer that is blocking his lymph vessels, causing edema. b. The man had mononucleosis, which is a viral disease that causes swelling of the lymph nodes and localized edema. c. The man had surgery on his leg, which removed the local lymph vessels and lymph nodes, causing edema. d. The man has elephantiasis, which is caused by parasitic worms that get in the lymph system and reproduce to levels that block the vessels. The swelling is due to edema.

The man has elephantiasis, which is caused by parasitic worms that get in the lymph system and reproduce to levels that block the vessels. The swelling is due to edema.

Receives lymph from most of the body

Thoracic Duct

About 3 liters of fluid are lost to the tissue spaces every 24 hours and are returned to the bloodstream as lymph. a. True b. False

True

Because lymph vessels are very low-pressure conduits, movements of adjacent tissues are important in propelling lymph through the lymphatics. a. True b. False

True

Chyle is delivered to the blood via the lymphatic system. a. True b. False

True

Digested fats are absorbed from the intestine by the lymph capillaries. a. True b. False

True

If even a small part of the spleen is left in a ten-year-old child, it will most likely regenerate itself. a. True b. False

True

Lymph capillary permeability is due to minivalves and protein filaments. a. True b. False

True

Lymphatic capillaries are permeable to proteins. a. True b. False

True

Lymphocytes reside temporarily in lymphoid tissue, then move to other parts of the body. a. True b. False

True

Lymphoid tissue is mainly reticular connective tissue. a. True b. False

True

The lymphatic capillaries function to absorb the excess protein-containing interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream. a. True b. False

True

When tissues are inflamed, lymphatic capillaries develop openings that permit uptake of large particles such as cell debris, pathogens, and cancer cells. a. True b. False

True

What is a bubo? a. a wall in a lymph node b. an infected Peyer's patch c. a lobe of the spleen d. an infected lymph node

an infected lymph node

Which of the following is not a method that maintains lymph flow? a. skeletal muscle contraction a. capillary smooth muscle contraction c. valves in lymph vessel walls d. breathing

capillary smooth muscle contraction

The thymus is most active during ________. a. fetal development b. childhood c. middle age d. old age

childhood

Lymph capillaries are absent in all except which of the following? a. bone marrow b. digestive organs c. CNS d. bones and teeth

digestive organs

The thymus is the only lymphoid organ that does not: a. have lymphocytes b. have a cortex and medulla c. produce hormones d. directly fight antigens

directly fight antigens

Lymph leaves a lymph node via ________. a. the subcapsular sinus b. afferent lymphatic vessels c. the cortical sinus d. efferent lymphatic vessels

efferent lymphatic vessels

Which of the following is not a part of the lymphatic system? a. lymphatic vessels b. lymph nodes c. erythrocytes d. lymph

erythrocytes

Functions of the spleen include all of those below except ________. a. storage of blood platelets b. removal of old or defective blood cells from the blood c. storage of iron d. forming crypts that trap bacteria

forming crypts that trap bacteria

Peyer's patches are found in the ________. a. jejunum of the small intestine b. large intestine c. duodenum of the small intestine d. ileum of the small intestine

ileum of the small intestine

Digestive tract-associated lymphatic tissue includes all of the following except ________. a. Peyer's patches b. lingual tonsils c. islets of Langerhans d. palatine tonsils

islets of Langerhans

The tonsils located at the base of the tongue are the ________. a. Peyer's tonsils b. pharyngeal tonsils c. palatine tonsils d. lingual tonsils

lingual tonsils

Large clusters of lymph nodes occur in all of the following locations except the ________. a. cervical region b. lower extremities c. inguinal region d. axillary region

lower extremities

Which cells become immunocompetent due to thymic hormones? a. monocytes b. macrophages c. lymphocytes d. basophils

lymphocytes

The lymphatic capillaries are ________. a. more permeable than blood capillaries b. as permeable as blood capillaries c. less permeable than blood capillaries d. completely impermeable

more permeable than blood capillaries

Which of the following would not be classified as a lymphatic structure? a. Peyer's patches of the intestine b. pancreas c. spleen d. tonsils

pancreas

Antibodies that act against a particular foreign substance are released by ________. a. lymph nodes b. T lymphocytes c. medullary cords d. plasma cells

plasma cells

Which of the following is not a function of lymph nodes? a. produce lymphoid cells and granular WBCs b. produce lymph fluid and cerebro-spinal fluid c. act as lymph filters and activate the immune system d. serve as antigen surveillance areas

produce lymph fluid and cerebro-spinal fluid

Which of the following is not a normal component of lymph? a. ions b. plasma proteins c. water d. red blood cells

red blood cells

Which lymphatic structure drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head and thorax? a. cisterna chyli b. lumbar trunk c. thoracic duct d. right lymphatic duct

right lymphatic duct

When the lymphatic structures of a limb are blocked due to tumors, the result is ________. a. shrinkage of tissues distal in the limb to the blockage due to inadequate delivery of lymph b. abnormally high lymph drainage from the distal region c. increased pressure in the lymphatics proximal in the limb to the blockage d. severe localized edema distal to the blockage of that limb

severe localized edema distal to the blockage of that limb

Lymph transport involves all but which of the following? a. smooth muscle contraction in the lymph capillary walls b. milking action of active muscle fibers c. lymph capillary minivalve action d. thorax pressure changes during breathing

smooth muscle contraction in the lymph capillary walls

A sentinel node is ________. a. a lymph node found in the intestinal lamina propria b. a small node in the spleen c. the first node at the junction of all the lumbar trunks d. the first node to receive lymph from an area suspected to be cancerous

the first node to receive lymph from an area suspected to be cancerous

Which of the following does not contain a mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue? a. thymus b. Peyer's patch c. tonsil d. appendix

thymus

Lymphoid tissue that appears as a swelling of the mucosa in the oral cavity is called a(n) ________. a. Peyer's patch b. thymus c. appendix d. tonsil

tonsil

Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system? a. transporting respiratory gases b. carrying out immune responses c. draining excess interstitial fluid d. transporting dietary fats

transporting respiratory gases