D+B Chapter 9: Alcohol

What happens when heavy alcohol use stops and the alcohol has disappeared from the body of a person who has been drinking alcohol heaving over a prolonged period of time

High activity level of the metabolic enzymes continues for 4-8 weeks

In the context of alcohol's mechanism of action, identify a disadvantage of using alcohol as an anesthetic

It has a long duration of action that cannot be controlled

Identify a true statement about gin

It was one of the first beverages to be made from straight grain neutral spirits

Identify a true statement about the Association Against Prohibition, which was formed in 1926

Its major hope was that income taxes could be reduced

Removal of yeast from bottled or canned American beer is usually accomplished by

Pasteurization

Identify a finding of surveys that studied the influence of alcohol on sexual behavior

People are more likely to have sex on a date when they drink alcohol on that date

Giving alcohol to individuals in shock or extreme cold is not advisable because alcohol _______

dilates the peripheral blood vessels in the central nervous system

In the context of the disease model of alcohol dependence, a consequence of defining alcohol dependence as a primary disease that_____

drinking itself should be recognized as a problem

Fermentation

forms the basis for all alcoholic beverages

Canadian and Scotch whiskeys are made _____

from about two-thirds straight whisky and one-third grain neutral spirits

Nausea and upset stomach are symptoms of a hangover due to alcohol consumption because alcohol _____

gastric irritant

Most patients with Wernicke's disease, an alcohol-related organic brain disease, also exhibit Korsakoff's psychosis that is characterized by an _____

inability to remember recent events or to learn new information

According to studies on twins about alcohol dependence, it was observed that ______

inheritance plays a role in alcohol dependence

Through the writings indicating a negative view alcohol, Benjamin Rush

introduced the concept of addiction to a psychoactive substance

Benjamin Rush, a prominent Philadelphia physician who authored the first writings indicating a negative views of alcohol, found a link between heavy drinking and _______

jaundice

The safety margin of the surgical anesthesia level and the minimum lethal level of alcohol is ________ percent blood alcohol

less than 0.1

Congeners

other alcohols and oils contained in alcoholic beverages

Distillation

process in which the solutions containing alcohol is heated, and the vapors are collected and condensed into liquid form again

In the US, the alcoholic content of distilled beverages is indicated by the term

proof

In terms of beneficial aspects of alcohol on the heart, there has been speculation that _________ might have better effects than other forms of alcohol due to the presence of antioxidants

red wine

Alcoholic Hepatitis

serious disease caused by prolonged alcohol intake that includes inflammation and impairment of liver function

The ________ is responsible for more absorption of alcohol in the body

small intestine

In the context of alcohol distribution in the body, women might be more susceptible to the effects of alcohol because _________

the stomach enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase is more active in men than in women

Identify a true statement about the impact of prohibition

- It led to a decrease in the rates of alcohol- related deaths at the beginning - It reduced overall alcohol intake

Identify the consequences of a significant tax increase on alcoholic beverages by Congress 1991.

-Beer tax doubled to $18 per barrel -Tax on bottled wine increased sixfold to about 22 cents per bottle.

Identify the diseases associated with immune deficits seen in chronic alcohol abusers

-Cholera -Pneumonia -Tuberculosis

Identify the personality factors that describe an alcoholic personality

-Depressed -Passive -Impulsive

Identify the abnormalities in facial features associated with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

-Short length of nose -Flattening of the Philtrum -Small head circumference -small eyes

In 2000, the U.S Congress passed legislation requiring states to reduce the blood alcohol concentration for driving under the influence, or DUI, conviction from 0.10 to ____

0.08

Steps involved in the production of light beers

1) Mash of barley malt and other cereal grains is fermented at a cooler temperature for a longer time. 2) Alcohol contest is adjusted by adding water 3) A beverage with considerably less remaining sugar and only a bit less alcohol is produced

Stages of abstinence syndrome

1) Tremors 2) Hallucinations 3) Delusions 4) Seizure Activity

In the United States, the minimum age to purchase alcoholic beverages was set at _______ in all states except New York and Louisiana before 1970.

21

After the process of malting, the typical American commercial beet contains about _______ percent alcohol

4

American Wine Examples

Generics: Chablis, Burgundy, and Rhine Varietals: Chardonnay, Merlot, and Zinfandel

American Wines and their naming patterns

Generics: Named after European land areas where the original winers were produced Varietals: Named after one variety of grape that makes up at least 51% of the grapes used in producing the wine

Identify an effect of alcohol on the brain that increases one's urine flow

Alcohol decreases the output of the antidiuretic hormone in the brain

Beer characteristics

Ale: Slightly warm temperatures are used in the manufacture Lager: Cool temperatures are used in the manufacture

It was discovered many years ago in Spain that if enough _____ is added to a newly fermented wine the fermentation will stop

Brandy

Which of the following is a negative consequence of Prohibition

Buying and selling of alcohol illegally.

The largest-selling imported beer in the US is _____, from Mexico

Corona

Identify a consequence of alcohol- related cirrhosis of the liver

Decreased ability of the liver to function

According to a study on the influence of alcohol on sexual behavior, men are less likely to be aroused by violent, erotic films after consuming alcohol

False

True or False: The culture of extreme drinking necessarily correlates well with overall alcohol consumption.

False

Identify a true statement about fatty liver, which is a condition caused by alcohol.

Fatty acid droplets increase in size until they rupture the cell membrane, causing death of the liver cells.

Identify a hormone related disorder in men that is associated with chronic alcohol abuse

Testicular atrophy

Identify a true statement about the behavioral effects of blood alcohol concentration, or BAC

The rate at which BAC rises is a factor in determining behavioral effects of a person.

Identify a true statement about grain neutral spirits, which contain relatively pure alcohol

They are essentially tasteless

Identify a true statement about French champagnes

They are naturally carbonated sparkling wines

Identify a true statement about congeners

They are present only in small amounts in the liquor

Identify a true statement about patients with alcoholic dementia, which is an organic brain syndrome caused due to alcohol toxicity

They suffer from impaired problem solving

In the distillation process of whisky, the distillate contains more congeners because _________

Whiskey is usually distilled at a lower proof

After Congress initiated a significant tax increase on alcoholic beverages in 1991, the total increase in cost to the consumer resulted in ________

about a 2 percent decrease in sales of beer and liquor during the first half of the year

In the primary metabolic system, the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase converts alcohol to ______

acetaldehyde

Cynthia drank alcohol at a college party. She drank a lot of alcohol and vomited. She began drinking alcohol again after vomiting. In this scenario, a point to remember is that drinking after vomiting ______

can lead to lethal concentrations of alcohol in the blood.