chapter 20 part 2 apes

Groundwater is primarily stored in underground ____. a. aquifers b. water tables c. wells d. rivers e. basins

a

. How long does it take for pollutants to be flushed out of the Great Lakes into the ocean? a. 5 years b. 20 years c. 50 years d. 100 years e. 1000 years

d

Dead zones have a detrimental impact on ____. a. fish and shellfish populations b. agricultural farms c. ethanol fuel production d. sewage treatment e. phytoplankton

a

In the U.S., drinking water quality is primarily regulated under the ____. a. Safe Drinking Water Act b. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act c. Clean Water Act d. Groundwater Purification Act e. Water Quality Act

a

Natural and anthropogenic sources of ____ contaminated groundwater are a global problem that results in hundreds of thousands of premature deaths. a. arsenic b. cadmium c. lead d. magnesium e. manganese

a

The most effective way to protect groundwater is to ____. a. prevent contamination b. use monitoring wells c. cover all wells carefully d. treat all water from underground sources e. use advanced sewage treatment

a

The primary cause of BP's Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico was ____. a. faulty equipment and poor decision-making b. an explosion on the oil rig c. a lack of federal oversight d. the oil rig crashing into a underwater reef e. leakage from old, rusty pipes

a

Wetlands, estuaries, mangrove swamps, and coral reefs are examples of ____. a. coastal environments b. ocean habitats c. groundwater reservoirs d. deltaic deposits. e. pelagic zones

a

A body of water can be depleted of its oxygen by ____. a. viruses and parasitic worms b. organic wastes c. sediments and suspended matter d. organic compounds such as oil, plastics, solvents, and detergents e. inorganic wastes

b

About ____ of U.S. lakes were tested unsafe for fishing, swimming, and other recreational uses. a. 25% b. 45% c. 65% d. 75% e. 85%

b

In cultural eutrophication, fish die from ____. a. acid deposition b. depletion of oxygen c. toxic substances in the water d. increased sediment reducing habitats e. loss of space

b

In the sewage treatment process, the purpose of chlorination involves ____. a. adding essential nutrients to drinking water b. removing discoloration and kill bacteria c. reacting with organic materials to form chlorinated hydrocarbons d. preserving pipes in the sewage facility e. helping large particles settle

b

The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement between the U.S. and Canada improved water quality by ____. a. increasing nitrogen inputs b. upgrading sewage treatment plants c. banning invasive species d. closing beaches e. banning commercial fishing

b

The Great Lakes possess ____% of all the surface fresh water in the United States. a. 35 b. 45 c. 55 d. 75 e. 95

b

The biggest threat to water quality in the Great Lakes is from ____. a. industrial pollution b. increased runoff caused by urban sprawl c. the introduction of invasive species d. poor air quality e. the presence of toxic hot spots

b

Which statement about the disadvantages of bottled water is false? a. Plastic bottles have a lifespan of 100 years in a landfill. b. Most plastic bottles are recycled. c. Enough plastic bottles are discarded annually to circle the Earth 149 times. d. The withdrawal of water to make bottled water is depleting some aquifers. e. The manufacture and transportation of bottles releases toxic chemicals and greenhouse gases.

b

Algal blooms created from excessive agricultural and sewage runoffs is least likely to cause _____. a. a release of waterborne and airborne toxins b. the poisoning of seafood c. a decrease in agricultural yields d. the death of some fish-eating birds e. a reduction in tourism

c

Contaminated groundwater cannot cleanse itself. Why? a. Groundwater does not move at all and contaminants are not dispersed effectively. b. Groundwater does not move at all and lower concentrations of dissolved oxygen exist for decomposition. c. Contaminants are not dispersed effectively and lower concentrations of dissolved oxygen exist for decomposition. d. Groundwater does not move at all and cold temperatures usually slow down reactions. e. Contaminants are diluted easily, but not dispersed effectively.

c

Dead zones are characterized by a lack of ____. a. phosphorus b. nitrogen c. oxygen d. chlorine e. fecal material

c

In cities of less-developed countries, stream pollution is largely ____. a. not a problem because there are fewer industries b. caused by washing clothes in rivers c. caused by dumping 80-90% raw sewage directly into rivers d. less severe compared to more-developed countries e. unaffected by cultural eutrophication

c

Storing drinking water in a reservoir is beneficial because it ____. a. reduces the dissolved oxygen level. b. makes water treatment unnecessary. c. allows suspended matter to settle. d. allows the water to be ionized by the atmosphere. e. increases populations of healthy coliform bacteria.

c

The Clean Water Act could be strengthened by ____. a. requiring septic tank permits b. focusing on end-of-pipe pollution removal c. allowing citizens to bring lawsuits to ensure that water pollution laws are enforced d. establishing national pollutant standards e. giving responsibility of monitoring and enforcing water pollution laws to private companies

c

The Gulf of Mexico's "Dead Zone" is caused by high levels of ____ in the Mississippi River. a. coliform bacteria b. phytoplankton c. plant fertilizers d. algae e. cyanobacteria

c

The most common problem encountered by seabirds coated with oil is ____. a. immediate death b. vulnerability to predators c. loss of buoyancy and insulation, causing deaths from exposure d. poisoning by taking in the oil internally e. starvation

c

The oil company responsible for the oil spill of the Valdez was ____. a. Alaska b. Gulf c. Exxon d. Sunoco e. Texaco

c

Which type of sewage treatment is properly matched with its process? a. primary - biological process b. secondary - mechanical process c. advanced - physical and chemical processes d. secondary - chemical process e. primary - chemical process

c

26. In most developed countries, large fish kills and contamination of drinking water are not caused by ____. a. malfunctioning sewage treatment plants b. accidental release of toxic industrial chemicals c. deliberate release of toxic industrial chemicals d. accidental release of predatory exotic species e. pesticides and plant nutrients from agricultural sources

d

During this century, scientists expect to find many millions of ____ to become a major global health problem. a. people b. carcinogens c. solar panels d. leaking underground storage tanks e. leaking solid waste landfills

d

The Great Lakes are sensitive to pollution because less than 1% of the water that enters the lakes leaves via the ____ River. a. Mississippi b. Missouri c. Cuyahoga d. St. Lawrence e. Erie

d

The majority of the oil pollution of the ocean comes from ____. a. blowouts (rupture of a borehole of an oil rig in the ocean) b. tanker accidents c. environmental terrorism d. runoff from land e. normal operation of offshore wells

d

What percentage of the people using coastal beaches in the United States developed ear infections, sore throats, eye irritations, respiratory disease, or gastrointestinal disease from swimming in seawater contaminated by infectious viruses and bacteria? a. 5% b. 10% c. 20% d. 40% e. 80%

d

Agricultural runoff would be increased if farmers ____. a. used slow-release fertilizers b. kept cropland covered with vegetation c. planted buffer zones between cultivated lands and water d. used no fertilizer on steeply sloped land e. switched from row crops to animal feedlots

e

In a septic tank system, which of the following is false? a. Wastewater is pumped into a settling tank. b. Grease and oil rise to the top in the tank. c. Solids are decomposed by bacteria. d. Bacteria-treated waste is discharged in an absorption field. e. After leaving the absorption field, wastewater is cleaned and can be used again for human consumption.

e

The individual matters in terms of what can be done to help reduce water pollution. Pollution will not, however, be reduced if we ____. a. fertilize gardens and lawns with manure or compost instead of fertilizers b. minimize use of pesticides c. prevent yard wastes from entering storm drains d. do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet e. buy commercially produced foods

e

The natural nutrient enrichment of a shallow lake, estuary, or slow moving stream is called ____. a. oligotrophy b. spring/fall overturn c. upwellings d. red tides e. eutrophication

e

The primary drawback of waterless, odorless composting toilet systems is that they ____. a. convert human fecal material to soil-like fertilizer supplement b. become clogged very easily c. save large amounts of water d. are not feasible for large-scale projects e. involve expensive upfront installation costs

e

What is an ineffective method of purifying water for drinking? a. protecting watersheds from pollution b. exposing water in a clear plastic bottle to intense sunlight c. LifeStraws d. PUR e. centrifugation

e

What percentage of expensive bottled water is actually bottled tap water? a. 5% b. 10% c. 20% d. 30% e. 40%

e

Which statement about the Gulf of Mexico's "Dead Zone" is false? a. The dead zone dissipates in fall with the arrival of storms and cooler weather. b. The Gulf of Mexico is stratified, with warmer, oxygen-rich water on top and cooler, low-oxygen water on bottom. c. Most oxygen in the bottom layer is consumed by bacteria decomposing algae. d. Engineering and wetland degradation contribute to dead zone formation. e. Negative effects from the dead zone are short-term and confined to the immediate area.

e