Chapter 21 HIS 102

All of the following correctly characterize industrial growth patterns in Europe except

Following the Napoleonic Wars, France experienced a boom in factory production as the economy shifted from wartime to peacetime production.

The Crystal Palace exhibition of 1851 commemorated the

industrial dominance of Britain

The Factory Act of 1833

An act that limited the factory workday for children between nine and thirteen years of age to eight hours and that of adolescents between fourteen and eighteen years of age to twelve hours.

The law that outlawed labor unions and strikes in Britain was the

Combination Acts of 1799

How did labor in British families change in the eighteenth century?

Family members shifted labor away from unpaid work for household consumption and toward work for wages.

The major breakthrough in energy and power supplies that catalyzed the Industrial Revolution was

James Watt's steam engine, developed and marketed between the 1760s and the 1780s.

How did railroads affect the nature of production?

Markets become broader, encouraging manufacturers to create larger factories with more sophisticated machines.

How did cotton transform the textile industry?

The spinning jenny allowed cotton to be spun more efficiently, helping to solve the problem of the shortage of thread.

How did older members of the population seek to control the sexuality of working-class youths?

They supported the establishment of sex-segregated employment.

William Cockerill was

an English carpenter who built cotton-spinning equipment in Belgium.

Scholarly statistical studies of the condition of members of the British working class indicate that

improvement did not come until after 1820

In The Condition of the Working Class in England, Friedrich Engels stated that

the British middle classes were guilty of "mass murder" and "wholesale robbery."

The key demand of the Chartist movement was that

all men be given the right to vote

The key development that allowed continental banks to shed their earlier conservative nature was the

establishment of limited liability investment.

Railroad construction on the continent

featured varying degrees of government involvement

Workers resisted moving from cottage work into factories for all of the following reasons except

they received substantially lower wages than cottage work.

How was the life of nonagricultural workers transformed between 1760 and 1830?

workers worked many more days per year