Chapter 21: Social Movements and Social Change
public
an unorganized, relatively diffuse group of people who share ideas
NGO
nongovernmental organizations working globally for numerous humanitarian and environmental causes
casual crowds
people who share close proximity without really interacting
social movement
a purposeful organized group hoping to work toward a common social goal
diagnostic framing
the social problem that is stated in a clear, easily understood manner
resistance movements
those who see to prevent or undo change to the social structure
motivational framing
a call to action
collective behavior
a noninstitutionalized activity in which several people volunatrile engage
emergent norm theory
a perspective that emphasizes the importance of social norms in crowd behavior
mass
a relatively large group with a common interest, even if they may not be in a close proximity
assembling persepctive
a theory that credits individuals in crowds as behaving as rational thinkers and views crowds as engaging in purposeful behavior and collective action
resource mobilization theory
a theory that explains social movements' success in terms of their ability to acquire resources and movilize individuals
acting crowds
crowds of people who are focused on a specific action or goal
reform movements
movements that seek to change something specific about the social structure
revolutionary movements
movements that seek to completely change every aspect of society
religious/redemptive movements
movements that work to promote inner change or spiritual growth in individuals
conventional crowds
people who come together for a regularly scheduled event
alternative movements
social movements that limit themselves to self-improvement changes in individuals
prognostic framing
social movements that state a clear solution and a means of implementation
social change
the change in a society created through social movements as well as through external factors like environmental shifts or technological innovations
social movement sector
the multiple social movement industries in a society, even if they have widely varying constituents and goals
crowdsourcing
the process of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content by soliciting contributions from a large group of people
modernization
the process that increases the amount of specialization and differentiation of structure in societies
crowd
a fairly large number of people who share close proximity
value-added theory
a functionalist perspective theory that posits that several preconditions must be in place for collective behavior to occur
flash mob
a large group of people who gather together in a spontaneous activity that lasts a limited amount of time
social movement organization
a single social movement group
new social movement theory
a theory that attempts to explain the proliferation of postindustrial and postmodern movements that are difficult to understand using traditional social movement theories
expressive crowds
crowds who share opportunities to express emotions
social movement industry
the collection of the social movement organizations that are striving toward similar goals
frame alignment process
using bridging, amplification, extension, and transformation as an ongoing and intentional means of recruiting participants to a movement
