Chapter 21

Functions of the nasal cavity include all of the following except

cooling the air

________ is the amount of air that you can inhale above the resting tidal volume.

inspiratory reserve volume

Absorption of O2 from blood and release of CO2 from tissue cells is known as

internal respiration

Inhaling through the nostrils is preferred over the mouth because

it allows better conditioning of the inhaled air.

Which of the following statements about the trachea is false?

it is reinforced with D-shaped cartilage

The ultimate function of pulmonary ventilation is to

provide adequate alveolar ventilation.

The respiratory mucosa of the conducting airways consists of

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

Which of the following is greater?

the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air

When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract,

the volume of the thorax decreases

When there is no air movement, the relationship between the intrapulmonary and atmospheric pressure is that

they are equal.

________ is the amount of air that moves into the respiratory system during a single respiratory cycle under resting conditions.

tidal volume

The airway that connects the larynx to the bronchi is the

trachea

How are hypoxia and anoxia different?

Hypoxia is low tissue oxygen levels; anoxia is the complete cutoff of oxygen supply.

What pressures determine the direction of airflow within the respiratory tract?

The intrapulmonary pressure and the atmospheric pressure

Define respiratory defense system.

The respiratory defense system is a series of filtration mechanisms that prevent airway contamination.

Compare the two main bronchi.

The right main bronchus is larger in diameter than the left main bronchus and it descends toward the lung at a steeper angle than the left main bronchus.

The larynx contains all of the following except

a total of nine cartilages.

Where does gas exchange between the air and the lungs occur?

alveoli

The paired cartilages that articulate with the superior border of the cricoid cartilage and help with opening and closing the glottis to produce sound are the ________ cartilages.

arytenoid

Harry suffers from cystic fibrosis and has severe breathing difficulties. His problems result from

both the inability of the respiratory defense mechanism to transport mucus and the production of thick secretions that are difficult to transport.

Which of the following statements is true regarding activity in the alveoli?

Alveolar macrophages collect stray dust particles.

List the structures of the upper respiratory system.

nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx

Define bronchopulmonary segment

A bronchopulmonary segment is a region of the lung supplied by a segmental bronchus.

Which ventilates alveoli more effectively: slow, deep breaths or rapid, shallow breaths? Explain why.

Slow, deep breaths because a smaller amount of the tidal volume of each breath is spent moving air into and out of the anatomic dead space.