Chapter 22: Carbohydrate Metabolism

(Increase/Decrease the rate of glycolysis) secretion of glucagon and high levels of ATP

Decrease

(T/F) Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted to ethanol

False

(Increase/Decrease the rate of glycolysis) high blood-glucose level and secretion of insulin

Increase

(T/F) In glycogenesis, excess glucose is used to form glycogen

True

Glycogenesis obtains energy from

UTP

The portion of Coenzyme A that reacts with potiental substrates is _____

a thiol group

What molecule is the start of the citric acid cycle?

acetyl CoA

The product from glycolysis is pyruvate. Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate can be oxidized further to form ____. However, under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is reduced to ____.

acetyl CoA, lactate

Indicate whether insulin activates or inhibits glycolysis

activates

What metabolic pathway occurs when glucose is synthesized from noncarbohydrate sources

gluconeogenesis

When glucose is made from noncarbohydrate sources, the process is called

gluconeogenesis

The primary energy source for the brain is

glucose

What is the end product of glycogenolysis in skeletal muscle?

glucose-6-phosphate

What metabolic pathway occurs when glycogen is synthesized from glucose

glycogenesis

Which metabolic pathways results in the synthesis of glycogen from glucose molecules?

glycogenesis

What metabolic pathway occurs when glycogen is broken down to glucose in the liver

glycogenolysis

What metabolic pathway occurs when glucose is degraded to pyruvate

glycolysis

Indicate whether glucagon activates or inhibits glycolysis

inhibits

Indicate whether low glucose levels activate or inhibit glycolysis

inhibits

Where is glycogen normally stored?

liver and skeletal muscles

NADH is produced in ____.

pyruvate oxidation

When as much glycogen is stored as possible in the body, excess glucose is coverted to

triacylgylcerols

The net energy production in anaerobic glcolysis is ____

2 ATP