Chapter 22 Set 1

In the Larynx: two small pieces of hyaline cartilage which articulate with the superior surface of the cricoid cartilage and help to anchor the vocal cords.

Arytenoid cartilages

BLANK - bony ridges that project towards the nasal septum from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity. There are three of these: superior, inferior, and middle. These create turbulence to help swirl the air so that small, airborne particulate will bump into the mucus-lined walls, trapping it so that it doesn't move further into the respiratory tract.

Concha

All of the upper and most of the lower respiratory tract make up the BLANK zone.

Conducting

In the Larynx: two small pieces of hyaline cartilage that articulate with the arytenoid cartilages to function in the opening and closing of the glottis and the production of sound.

Corniculate cartilages

BLANK of the ethmoid bone - forms the roof of the nasal cavity. The tiny holes in the cribriform plate allow the olfactory bulbs to extend their neural fibers down into the nasal cavity for sensation of smell.

Cribriform plate

In the Larynx: BLANK - a single piece of hyaline cartilage which has a greatly expanded posterior portion to provide support.

Cricoid cartilage

In the Larynx: two long, curved pieces of hyaline cartilage; they lie within the folds of tissue that extend between the lateral surface of each arytenoid cartilage and the epiglottis.

Cuneiform cartilages

The nasal cavity is Lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium which not only secretes mucus but also secretes antimicrobial substances such as BLANK and BLANK which kill potential pathogens.

Defensins and lysozymes

The epiglottis is formed of what?

Elastic cartilage

BLANK - only piece formed of elastic cartilage forming a flexible flap that covers over the glottis during swallowing so that food cannot enter the respiratory passageways.

Epiglottis

BLANK, or nostrils, open into the nasal cavity.

External nares

The oropharynx Houses the palatine tonsils on either side of the BLANK (archways formed by the soft palate and uvula) and the lingual tonsils attached to the back of the tongue.

Fauces

inhaled air leaves the pharynx and enters the larynx through a narrow opening called the BLANK

Glottis

BLANK - forms the anterior portion of the floor of the nasal cavity; formed by the palatine process of the maxillae and the palatine bones.

Hard palate

a large single piece of BLANK forms the anterior and lateral walls of the larynx.

Hyaline cartilage

BLANK - distinguishes the end of the nasal cavity and the beginning of the pharynx.

Internal nares

The prominent anterior surface of the thyroid cartilage which is more commonly called the "Adam's Apple" is known as the BLANK

Laryngeal prominence

The BLANK includes that portion of the pharynx between the hyoid bone and the entrance to the larynx and esophagus.

Laryngopharynx

BLANK - a cartilaginous structure that surrounds and protects the glottis and is more commonly called the "voice box".

Larynx

The oropharynx Houses the palatine tonsils on either side of the fauces (archways formed by the soft palate and uvula) and the BLANK tonsils attached to the back of the tongue.

Lingual

The BLANK respiratory tract conducts air to and from the gas exchange surfaces and includes: larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli.

Lower

BLANK - as air passes from the external nares to the internal nares, air flows between the adjacent concha, through the superior, middle, and inferior.

Meatuses

Bridge of the nose is formed from the BLANk bones (2) and is supported by the anterior portions of the nasal septum and nasal cartilages.

Nasal

BLANK - small, hyaline cartilages that extend laterally from the bridge of the nose. These cartilages help to keep the external nares (nostrils) open and prevent their collapse during a strong inhalation.

Nasal cartilages

space between the external nares and the internal nares at the back of the nasal cavity. Lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

Nasal cavity

BLANK - composed of the vomer and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and divides the nasal cavity into a right and left portion.

Nasal septum

BLANK - the space contained within the flexible tissues of the nose. Filled with coarse hairs called vibrissae that trap large airborne particles preventing them from entering the nasal cavity.

Nasal verstibule

BLANK - the superior portion of the pharynx located between the soft palate and the internal nares. Lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium and houses the pharyngeal tonsils.

Nasopharynx

the primary passageway for air entering the respiratory when you are resting and breathing quietly.

Nose

The oropharynx Houses the BLANK tonsils on either side of the fauces (archways formed by the soft palate and uvula) and the lingual tonsils attached to the back of the tongue.

Palatine

BLANK - recall from AP I, the maxilla, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones have hollow, membrane-lined cavities called sinuses. The mucous secretions produced in these sinuses, aided by tears draining through the nasolacrimal ducts, keep the surfaces of the nasal cavity moist and clean.

Paranasal sinuses

The nasopharynx houses the BLANK tonsils

Pharyngeal

BLANK - a chamber more commonly called the "throat," is shared by the digestive and respiratory tracts. The curving superior and posterior walls of the pharynx are closely bound to the axial skeleton, but the lateral walls are flexible and muscular. The pharynx is divided into three regions:

Pharynx

The nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx are all divisions of the BLANK

Pharynx

The larynx is lined with BLANK epithelium

Pseudostratified columnar

The nasopharynx is lined with BLANK epithelium

Pseudostratified columnar

BLANK is defined as the exchange of gases (most notably oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the atmosphere, lungs, blood, and tissues.

Respiration

The following is a function of the BLANK system: Facilitating the detection of olfactory stimuli by olfactory receptors in the superior portions of the nasal cavity.

Respiratory

The following is a function of the BLANK system: Moving air to and from the exchange surfaces of the lungs along the respiratory passageways.

Respiratory

The following is a function of the BLANK system: Producing sounds involved in speaking, singing, and other forms of communication.

Respiratory

The following is a function of the BLANK system: Protecting respiratory surfaces from dehydration, temperature changes, or other environmental variations, and defending the respiratory system and other tissues from invasion by pathogens.

Respiratory

The following is a function of the BLANK system: Provide an extensive surface area for gas exchange between air and the circulating blood.

Respiratory

The last part of the lower respiratory tract, however, is designed for gas exchange and is therefore called the BLANK zone

Respiratory

The respiratory zone includes the smallest, most delicate branches of the respiratory tree called the BLANK and their associated air-filled pockets called the BLANK

Respiratory bronchioles; alveoli

BLANK - a membranous and muscular flap with attached reticular tissue called the uvula; forms the posterior portion of the floor of the nasal cavity. During swallowing the soft palate and uvula flex upward to block the nasal cavity.

Soft palate

At the boundary between the nasopharynx and the oropharynx, the epithelial tissue changes from pseudostratified columnar to BLANK epithelium;

Stratified squamous

Like the oropharynx, the laryngopharynx is lined with BLANK epithelium.

Stratified squamous

The superior portion of the thyroid cartilage is connected to the hyoid bone by the BLANK membrane.

Thyrohyoid

The BLANK respiratory tract consists of the nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx

Upper

The BLANK respiratory tract filters, warms, and humidifies incoming air which protects the more delicate surfaces of the lower respiratory system and reabsorbs heat and water from the outgoing air. Includes the following: nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx.

Upper

BLANK - bands of connective tissue that extend between the thyroid cartilage and arytenoid cartilages.

Vestibular and vocal ligaments

In the Larynx: which house the vocal ligaments, lie inferior to the vestibular folds.

Vocal folds

The BLANK extends between the soft palate and the base of the tongue at the level of the hyoid bone.

oropharynx

The vocal folds vibrate as air passes over them and are therefore involved with the production of sound and are also known as the BLANK

vocal chords