Chapter 23 Anatomy
Which of the following is NOT a function of saliva? -Saliva moistens food and helps compact it into a bolus. -Saliva cleanses the mouth. -Saliva contains enzymes that begin the chemical breakdown of proteins. -Saliva dissolves food chemicals so that they can be tasted.
-Saliva contains enzymes that begin the chemical breakdown of proteins.
Which of the following best describes the capillary wall structure found in the liver lobules? -The walls are continuous, only allowing small molecules and water to pass through. -The walls have windows that allow small proteins to pass through but not cells. -The capillary walls have openings that allow large proteins and small cells to pass through. -The walls only allow water to pass through.
-The capillary walls have openings that allow large proteins and small cells to pass through.
Which of these best describes a lacteal? -a lymphatic vessel designed to help introduce fats to the blood -a projection of the small intestine wall designed to increase surface area -a deep pocket in the intestinal wall where endocrine and antimicrobial cells are located -special capillaries in the villi designed for absorbing food effectively
-a lymphatic vessel designed to help introduce fats to the blood
What is a major function of pancreatic juice? -acidifying the contents of the stomach -acidifying the contents of the small intestine -neutralizing chyme entering the small intestine from the stomach -emulsifying fats by breaking them into smaller pieces
-neutralizing chyme entering the small intestine from the stomach
Which of the following functions is NOT correctly matched with its description? -mechanical breakdown: churning movements in the GI tract -absorption; passage of digested nutrients into the blood or lymph -propulsion: physical breakdown of ingested food in the GI tract -ingestion: intake of food nutrients
-propulsion: physical breakdown of ingested food in the GI tract
Gastric juice does not typically cause a burning sensation within the stomach. But reflux of this gastric juice into the esophagus can cause a burning sensation. One reason why this occurs is that the esophagus ______. -secretes mucus that is not identical to stomach mucus -is internally lined by epithelial cells that are in direct physical contact with the contents of the esophagus -has enzymes that react with stomach acid to cause a burning sensation -None of the listed responses is correct.
-secretes mucus that is not identical to stomach mucus
The deciduous dentition consists of __________ teeth. 10 16 20 32
20
How many total permanent teeth should an adult have, assuming none have been lost or removed? 8 16 20 32
32
The intestinal phase of stomach digestion is triggered by partially digested nutrients filling the pylorus. True False
False
Chief cells secrete inactive pepsinogen in order to prevent acid erosion inside of the chief cells. True False
False--Chief cells do secrete pepsinogen, but the result is unrelated to acidity. When pepsinogen is activated by HCl secreted by the parietal cells, it is converted into pepsin, which is an enzyme that acts on proteins.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the stomach? -The stomach releases enzymes to digest carbohydrates. -The stomach produces a double-layered coat of alkaline mucus. -The stomach has three layers of muscle in the muscularis tunic. -The stomach mucosa is folded into rugae.
The stomach releases enzymes to digest carbohydrates.
Which of the following constitute a portal triad? -three lobules sharing a common central vein -the hepatic artery and two hepatic veins -a bile duct along with a portal venule and arteriole -the porta hepatis
a bile duct along with a portal venule and arteriole
Which major process involves the removal of water from intestinal contents? mechanical breakdown defecation absorption ingestion
absorption
Which of these structures is found in the stomach but nowhere else in the alimentary canal? a circular muscle layer an oblique muscle layer a lining of columnar epithelium mucus-forming cells
an oblique muscle layer
Which of the following inhibits salivation? the sight or smell of food being stressed or frightened relaxing after a meal ingestion of spicy foods
being stressed or frightened
Which of the following is NOT a secretion of the pancreas? insulin nutrient enzymes bile bicarbonate
bile
What structural modification of the small intestine slows the movement of chyme through the lumen? circular folds microvilli intestinal crypts villi
circular folds
The __________ is the first segment of the small intestine. jejunum colon ileum duodenum
duodenum
Which vessel delivers nutrient-rich blood to the liver from the digestive tract? hepatic vein central vein hepatic portal vein inferior vena cava
hepatic portal vein
In the __________ phase of gastric secretion, chyme is moved into the duodenum. gastric phase reflux cephalic intestinal
intestinal
Most absorption of nutrients occurs in the __________. duodenum large intestine jejunum stomach
jejunum
Bile is produced by the __________ under hormonal influence of __________. liver; secretin gallbladder; CCK pancreas; secretin small intestine; CCK
liver; secretin
How would you classify chewing food? digestion ingestion propulsion mechanical breakdown
mechanical breakdown
Which of the following is the major process or function that occurs in the stomach? mechanical digestion deglutition absorption defecation
mechanical digestion
Which layer of the alimentary canal is constructed from either stratified squamous or simple columnar epithelium? mucosa serosa submucosa muscularis externa
mucosa
Which layer of the stomach contains the gastric pits that secrete mucous, acid, and digestive enzymes? serosa mucosa submucosa muscularis externa
mucosa
In a patient suffering from a gastric ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori, the cells most likely to have been damaged first are the ______. enteroendocrine cells parietal cells chief cells mucous cells
mucous cells
Which layer of the alimentary canal is responsible for segmentation and peristalsis? muscularis externa serosa submucosa mucosa
muscularis externa
Which layer of the digestive tract controls digestive propulsion? mucosa submucosa serosa muscularis externa
muscularis externa
Which of the following is NOT a means of mechanically breaking down food? mastication segmentation peristalsis churning
peristalsis
What role of the stomach is essential to life? production of VIP production of chyme production of intrinsic factor production of hydrochloric acid
production of intrinsic factor
Which area of the stomach adjoins the small intestine? body cardia pylorus fundus
pylorus
Which of the following is NOT a structural modification of the small intestine that increases surface area? villi microvilli circular folds rugae
rugae
Which digestive process does NOT occur in the mouth? segmentation mechanical breakdown digestion ingestion
segmentation
Where does the process of segmentation occur? anus esophagus stomach small intestine
small intestine
Which organ of the digestive tract is the body's major digestive organ? liver stomach large intestine small intestine
small intestine
The uvula is an extension of the __________. oral vestibule lingual frenulum soft palate palatopharyngeal arch
soft palate
What triggers the release of secretin from the small intestine? -the presence of acidic, fatty chyme in the small intestine -presence of bile in the small intestine -presence of carbohydrates in the small intestine -presence of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the small intestine
the presence of acidic, fatty chyme in the small intestine
The __________ is the serous membrane that lines the abdominal organs. visceral peritoneum omenta mesentery parietal peritoneum
visceral peritoneum
Which of the following is the primary physiological function of the large intestine? mechanical breakdown of food nutrient absorption primary digestion of food water absorption and feces elimination
water absorption and feces elimination