Chapter 23 Anatomy

Which of the following is NOT a function of saliva? -Saliva moistens food and helps compact it into a bolus. -Saliva cleanses the mouth. -Saliva contains enzymes that begin the chemical breakdown of proteins. -Saliva dissolves food chemicals so that they can be tasted.

-Saliva contains enzymes that begin the chemical breakdown of proteins.

Which of the following best describes the capillary wall structure found in the liver lobules? -The walls are continuous, only allowing small molecules and water to pass through. -The walls have windows that allow small proteins to pass through but not cells. -The capillary walls have openings that allow large proteins and small cells to pass through. -The walls only allow water to pass through.

-The capillary walls have openings that allow large proteins and small cells to pass through.

Which of these best describes a lacteal? -a lymphatic vessel designed to help introduce fats to the blood -a projection of the small intestine wall designed to increase surface area -a deep pocket in the intestinal wall where endocrine and antimicrobial cells are located -special capillaries in the villi designed for absorbing food effectively

-a lymphatic vessel designed to help introduce fats to the blood

What is a major function of pancreatic juice? -acidifying the contents of the stomach -acidifying the contents of the small intestine -neutralizing chyme entering the small intestine from the stomach -emulsifying fats by breaking them into smaller pieces

-neutralizing chyme entering the small intestine from the stomach

Which of the following functions is NOT correctly matched with its description? -mechanical breakdown: churning movements in the GI tract -absorption; passage of digested nutrients into the blood or lymph -propulsion: physical breakdown of ingested food in the GI tract -ingestion: intake of food nutrients

-propulsion: physical breakdown of ingested food in the GI tract

Gastric juice does not typically cause a burning sensation within the stomach. But reflux of this gastric juice into the esophagus can cause a burning sensation. One reason why this occurs is that the esophagus ______. -secretes mucus that is not identical to stomach mucus -is internally lined by epithelial cells that are in direct physical contact with the contents of the esophagus -has enzymes that react with stomach acid to cause a burning sensation -None of the listed responses is correct.

-secretes mucus that is not identical to stomach mucus

The deciduous dentition consists of __________ teeth. 10 16 20 32

20

How many total permanent teeth should an adult have, assuming none have been lost or removed? 8 16 20 32

32

The intestinal phase of stomach digestion is triggered by partially digested nutrients filling the pylorus. True False

False

Chief cells secrete inactive pepsinogen in order to prevent acid erosion inside of the chief cells. True False

False--Chief cells do secrete pepsinogen, but the result is unrelated to acidity. When pepsinogen is activated by HCl secreted by the parietal cells, it is converted into pepsin, which is an enzyme that acts on proteins.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the stomach? -The stomach releases enzymes to digest carbohydrates. -The stomach produces a double-layered coat of alkaline mucus. -The stomach has three layers of muscle in the muscularis tunic. -The stomach mucosa is folded into rugae.

The stomach releases enzymes to digest carbohydrates.

Which of the following constitute a portal triad? -three lobules sharing a common central vein -the hepatic artery and two hepatic veins -a bile duct along with a portal venule and arteriole -the porta hepatis

a bile duct along with a portal venule and arteriole

Which major process involves the removal of water from intestinal contents? mechanical breakdown defecation absorption ingestion

absorption

Which of these structures is found in the stomach but nowhere else in the alimentary canal? a circular muscle layer an oblique muscle layer a lining of columnar epithelium mucus-forming cells

an oblique muscle layer

Which of the following inhibits salivation? the sight or smell of food being stressed or frightened relaxing after a meal ingestion of spicy foods

being stressed or frightened

Which of the following is NOT a secretion of the pancreas? insulin nutrient enzymes bile bicarbonate

bile

What structural modification of the small intestine slows the movement of chyme through the lumen? circular folds microvilli intestinal crypts villi

circular folds

The __________ is the first segment of the small intestine. jejunum colon ileum duodenum

duodenum

Which vessel delivers nutrient-rich blood to the liver from the digestive tract? hepatic vein central vein hepatic portal vein inferior vena cava

hepatic portal vein

In the __________ phase of gastric secretion, chyme is moved into the duodenum. gastric phase reflux cephalic intestinal

intestinal

Most absorption of nutrients occurs in the __________. duodenum large intestine jejunum stomach

jejunum

Bile is produced by the __________ under hormonal influence of __________. liver; secretin gallbladder; CCK pancreas; secretin small intestine; CCK

liver; secretin

How would you classify chewing food? digestion ingestion propulsion mechanical breakdown

mechanical breakdown

Which of the following is the major process or function that occurs in the stomach? mechanical digestion deglutition absorption defecation

mechanical digestion

Which layer of the alimentary canal is constructed from either stratified squamous or simple columnar epithelium? mucosa serosa submucosa muscularis externa

mucosa

Which layer of the stomach contains the gastric pits that secrete mucous, acid, and digestive enzymes? serosa mucosa submucosa muscularis externa

mucosa

In a patient suffering from a gastric ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori, the cells most likely to have been damaged first are the ______. enteroendocrine cells parietal cells chief cells mucous cells

mucous cells

Which layer of the alimentary canal is responsible for segmentation and peristalsis? muscularis externa serosa submucosa mucosa

muscularis externa

Which layer of the digestive tract controls digestive propulsion? mucosa submucosa serosa muscularis externa

muscularis externa

Which of the following is NOT a means of mechanically breaking down food? mastication segmentation peristalsis churning

peristalsis

What role of the stomach is essential to life? production of VIP production of chyme production of intrinsic factor production of hydrochloric acid

production of intrinsic factor

Which area of the stomach adjoins the small intestine? body cardia pylorus fundus

pylorus

Which of the following is NOT a structural modification of the small intestine that increases surface area? villi microvilli circular folds rugae

rugae

Which digestive process does NOT occur in the mouth? segmentation mechanical breakdown digestion ingestion

segmentation

Where does the process of segmentation occur? anus esophagus stomach small intestine

small intestine

Which organ of the digestive tract is the body's major digestive organ? liver stomach large intestine small intestine

small intestine

The uvula is an extension of the __________. oral vestibule lingual frenulum soft palate palatopharyngeal arch

soft palate

What triggers the release of secretin from the small intestine? -the presence of acidic, fatty chyme in the small intestine -presence of bile in the small intestine -presence of carbohydrates in the small intestine -presence of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the small intestine

the presence of acidic, fatty chyme in the small intestine

The __________ is the serous membrane that lines the abdominal organs. visceral peritoneum omenta mesentery parietal peritoneum

visceral peritoneum

Which of the following is the primary physiological function of the large intestine? mechanical breakdown of food nutrient absorption primary digestion of food water absorption and feces elimination

water absorption and feces elimination