CRIMJ 100 Exam 1

True

Today, the FBI ranks protection of the U.S. from terrorist attacks as one of its top priorities.

False

Most professional police associations agree that the occasional taking of a gratuity by police officers is not a major ethical violation.

False

Most studies today indicate that local citizens are not at all satisfied with their local police.

False

Although attempts have been made to use the U.S. Supreme Court to reign in incidents of police misconduct and breaches of individuals' constitutional rights, those efforts have not been recognized and addressed by the Court.

False

Although important for moral and ethical reasons, the Mosaic Code of the Israelites (e.g. the Ten Commandments) has not influenced the modern day legal system in the United States.

True

FBI UCR data should be reviewed with caution primarily because of the fact that many crimes are not reported to the police.

True

In order for a prosecutor to prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, he/she must prove the two elements of a crime: actus reus and mens rea.

True

In order for the police to function the way they need to, it is crucial that they have the cooperation of the local community.

True

It has been shown that neighborhood disorder can increase citizens' fear of crime which, in turn, that can lead to a less favorable view of the police by the public.

True

Males and younger people are much more likely to commit a crime and to become a victim of crime than are females and older people.

All of the above - digital dental records ,DNA analysis, computer mapping programs

Most large police departments today have begun to rely Most large police departments today have begun to rely on _______________________ to identify suspects and collate evidence..

False

Most of police work is dedicated to fighting crime and apprehending criminals.

maintaining order

Most patrol officers spend their time on duty _____________________________.

time-in-rank system

Most police departments use what is referred to as the _____________________ system for making decisions about who will be promoted.

True

One of the major goals of the substantive criminal law is to maintain social control.

True

People employed in private policing outnumber public police by almost three to one.

False

Research shows that a more rapid response by police to 911 calls for service will increase the likelihood that the offender will be apprehended.

True

The Fourth Amendment to the U.S. constitution protects the public from unreasonable searches and seizures by law enforcement, requiring that a warrant be required for such actions.

Sixth

The ______________ Amendment grants citizens the right to counsel and to confront one's accusers.

Wedding Cake Model of Justice

The ________________________ model of justice demonstrates the various types of crimes, listing the most serious to the least serious.

equal justice

The _________________________ perspective argues that the greatest challenge facing the U.S. criminal justice system is its ability to dispense fair and equal justice to those who come before the law.

True

The calculation of a crime rate that looks at the number of reported crimes per members of the U.S. population is said to allow for reasonable comparisons about crime trends from one country to another.

Broken Windows Theory

The concept of _________________________ was coined by Kelling and Wilson in 1982 to describe the role of the police as maintainers of community order and safety.

True

The deterrent effect of patrol seeks to reduce crime by sending a signal to would-be offenders that they will be apprehended.

False

The extent and nature of crime has remained the same throughout the various historical eras in the U.S.

London, England

The first metropolitan police department in the history of policing was formed in 1829 and in the city of ________________.

True

The first police officers who worked in the London Metropolitan Police Department were often referred to as bobbies.

False

The insanity defense is widely used in the United States today with a better than average success rate.

Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments

The right to due process is found in both the ___________ and the __________ amendments to the U.S. constitution.

Vigilante

The term __________________ originated in the 1800s to describe a group of citizens taking the law into their own hands and tracking down wanted criminals.

due process

The term ____________________ refers to a fundamental sense of fairness as to how the laws are applied to individuals.

lex talionis

The term _____________________ is Latin for the notion of "an eye for an eye" type of justice or law as retaliation.

professionalism

The term _______________________ refers to the many reform movements that took place over time to reduce political influence over police and to combat police corruption.

Forensic

_______________ science is used today to examine crime data through the use of complex instruments and of chemical, physical, and microscopic examining techniques.

August Vollmer

____________________ is known as one of the major crusaders of police professionalism and is credited for institutionalizing university training for new police recruits.

Problem-oriented

______________________ policing focuses on proactive versus reactive crime fighting.

Victimization

_______________________ studies are thought to get at the dark picture of crime by finding out more about the characteristics of the victim, the offender, and the event itself.

Restorative justice

________________________ calls for offenders to be reintegrated back into society and for the justice system to become more humane.

Self-report studies

________________________ seek to measure crime by surveying people about their behaviors.

Justification

_____________________________ defenses occur when a defendant does not deny committing the crime, but says that he/she had a good reason for engaging in that type of behavior.