Chapter 23 & Chapter 24

Many homeowners often attempt to transplant bushes and small trees but with limited success. Which statement best describes with the transplant process? A. most homeowners pull the bush out without clearing enough of the soil from around the root system. This causes the lateral roots and root hairs to be torn off B. most homeowners pull the bush out without clearing enough of the soil from around the root system. This causes branching roots to be torn off. C. most homeowners cut the bush off at the base and don't have any of the root system available D. most homeowners remove too many of the leaves, not allowing the plant to efficiently run photosynthesis

A

Which of the following features would have helped early plant ancestors evolve to a terrestrial existence? A. a cuticle B. apical cells C. plasmodesmata D. placenta E. all of these features would have helped

A

Which of the following tissues makes up the majority of the interior of the plant? A. ground tissue B. epidermal tissue C. meristem D. vascular tissue

A

Identify this plant as a monocot or eudicot after examining its stem and leaf. A. This plant is a monocot. B. This plant is a dicot. C. Not enough information is provided to differentiate the plant as a monocot or dicot.

A. This plant is a monocot.

We are very familiar with two things found in large woody plants, wood and bark. The wood is essentially made of ________ and the bark is essentially made of _______. A. xylem; phloem and cork B. vascular tissue; epidermal tissue C. the cortex; the epidermis D. pith; collenchyma

A. xylem; phloem and cork

Vascular tissue that transports organic nutrients and sugars from the leaves to the roots is A. xylem. B. phloem. C. cambium. D. periderm. E. sclerenchyma.

B. phloem.

A derived trait shared only by angiosperms and gymnosperms is A. vascular tissue B. fruit production C. the production of seeds D. protection of the embryo

C

As plants invaded the land, there was A. greater availability of light for photosynthesis B. greater concentrations of carbon dioxide C. increased threat of desiccation of unprotected cells D. all of the answer choices are correct

D

Bryophytes A. can be found from the Antartic to the tropics B. produce peat that can be used as fuel C. erode rocks to produce soil D. all of the answer choices are true regarding bryophytes

D

Considering that leaf stoma have the conflicting functions of allowing gaseous carbon dioxide into the leaf, yet preserving the plant's supply of water, which of the following is (are) reasonable? A. a submerged-water plant would have no stoma B. tree leaves that orient flat and present the top side to the sun would have most of their stoma on the bottom of the leaf C. corn, oats, rice, and wheat-all monocots-have relative upright blades with sunlights hitting both sides and would have stoma distributed evenly on both sides D. all of the choices are reasonable E. none of the choices is reasonable, since stoma are found uniformly on all type of leaves

D

Evidence for plants evolution from a freshwater algal species is supported by which of the following? A. both green algae and plants have chlorophylls a and b various accessory pigments B. both green algae and plants store excess carbohydrates as starch and have cellulose in their cell walls C. molecular evaluation of ribosomal RNA provides evidence of their evolutionary relationship of plants and green algae D. all of the choices are evidence

D

Plant roots function to A. anchor the plant B. store the products of photosynthesis C. produce hormones that stimulate stem growth D. all of the choices are plant root functions

D

When a moss spore lands on an appropriate site, it germinates into the first stage of the gametophyte called a(n) A. antheridium B. rhizoid C. archegonium D. protonema E. thallus

D

Plant roots function to A. anchor the plant. B. store the products of photosynthesis. C. produce hormones that stimulate stem growth. D. All of the choices are plant root functions. E. A and B only are correct.

D. All of the choices are plant root functions.

Considering that leaf stomates have the conflicting functions of allowing gaseous carbon dioxide into the leaf, yet preserving the plant's supply of water, which of the following is (are) reasonable? A. A submerged-water plant would have no stomates. B. Tree leaves that orient flat and present the top side to the sun would have most of their stomates on the bottom of the leaf. C. Corn, oats, rice, and wheat-all monocots-have relative upright blades with sunlight hitting both sides and would have stomates distributed evenly on both sides. D. All of the choices are reasonable. E. None of the choices is reasonable, since stomates are found uniformly on all type of leaves.

D. All of the choices are reasonable.

Which of the following tissues transports water and nutrients within the plant? A. epidermal tissue B. ground tissue C. meristematic tissue D. vascular tissue

D. vascular tissue

Characteristics of eudicots include all EXCEPT A. two cotyledons B. leaves with netted veins C. woody or herbaceous plants D. flower parts in fours and fives E. vascular bundles arranged irregularly in the stem

E

A shared derived trait of all plants is A. protection of the embryo B. seed production C. vascular tissue D. all of the answer choices are correct

A

All of the following are nonvascular plants EXCEPT A. lycophytes B. liverworts C. mosses D. hornworts

A

Which of the following features are necessary to classify a plant as a monocot? A. the plant will contain one cotyledon, have parallel veins in the leaves and the flowers will be in multiples of threes B. the plant will contain two cotyledons, have parallel veins in the leaves and the flowers will be in multiples of threes C. the plant will contain one cotyledon, have a netted vein pattern in the leaves and the flowers will be in multiples of threes D. the plant will contain one cotyledon, have parallel veins in the leaves and the flowers will be in multiples of fours or fives E. the plant will contain one cotyledon, have vascular bundles in a distinct ring and the flowers will be in multiples of threes

A

Which of the following groups of plants contain microhylls? A. lycophytes B. pteridophytes C. bryophytes D. gymnosperms E. angiosperms

A

Which of the following statements about lycophytes is correct? A. the megaspore will develop into female gametophytes B. the microspores will develop into female gametophytes C. the megaspores will develop into male gametophytes D. lycophytes were the first land plants to evolve megaphylls

A

Which of the following structures is a stem adaptation instead of a root adaptation? A. stolons B. rhizomes C. tubers D. corms E. all are stem adaptations

A

Which of the following tissue types will produce root hairs within the zone of maturation? A. epidermis B. cortex C. endodermis D. vascular tissue

A

Which of the following tissues forms the outer protective covering of the plant? A. epidermal tissue B. ground tissue C. meristematic tissue D. vascular tissue

A

Which of these plant tissue types is composed of hollow nonliving tracheids and vessel elements that transport water and nutrient minerals from the roots to the leaves? A. xylem B. phloem C. collenchyma D. sclerenchyma E. parenchyma

A

Which plant structure is not found in the lycophytes? A. archegonia B. rhizome C. microspores D. microphylls

A

Which portion of the plant life cycle is haploid? A. gametophyte B. sporophyte C. both sporophyte and gametophyte are haploid D. zygote

A

Roots that develop from organs of the shoot system, they are known as A. adventitious roots. B. prop roots. C. fibrous roots. D. taproots.

A. adventitious roots.

Which of the following tissues forms the outer protective covering of the plant? A. epidermal tissue B. ground tissue C. meristematic tissue D. vascular tissue

A. epidermal tissue

The cortex found in the center of a dicot stem or a monocot root is made of what type of tissue? A. ground tissue B. epithelial tissue C. vascular tissue D. dermal tissue

A. ground tissue

Which of the following tissues makes up the majority of the interior of the plant? A. ground tissue B. epidermal tissue C. meristem D. vascular tissue

A. ground tissue

To prepare a microscope slide of mitosis, where would one most likely find examples of cell division in a plant? A. near the root tip B. in a tree trunk, near the center C. anywhere in the mesophyll of a leaf D. at the center of a root, back from the tip

A. near the root tip

Which of these plant tissue types is composed of hollow nonliving tracheids and vessel elements that transport water and nutrient minerals from the roots to the leaves? A. xylem B. phloem C. collenchyma D. sclerenchyma E. parenchyma

A. xylem

A derived trait of land plants is the presence of small openings that allow gaseous exchange between the plant and its environment. These structures are called A. cuticles B. stomata C. thallus D. rhizoids

B

According to the cladogram pictured here, land plants and green algae A. are in different clades and for, a polyphyletic group B. are in the same clade and form a monophyletic group C. do not share common ancestry D. no answer choice is correct. I would suggest picking a specific group to ask about instead of land plants

B

All land plants have _____ life cycle(s) A. a diplintic B. an alternation of generations C. both diplontic and alternation of generations D. haplontic and alternation of generations E. haplontic, diplontic, and alternation of generations

B

All of the following are taproots that are consumed as vegetables EXCEPT A. carrots B. celery C. turnips D. radishes E. beets

B

An axillary bud may produce A. nothing-it is shed with the leaf B. a lateral branch or a flower C. wood and lateral branches D. inhibitors of growth

B

Identify the incorrect pairing of tissue type with cell type A. ground tissue-collenchyma cells B. epidermal tissue- parenchyma cells C. vascular tissue-xylem D. epidermal tissue-cuticle

B

It is possible to take the mature frond of many ferns and rub the brow growths on the lower surface over a wet plug of peat moss. Soon small heart-shaped green structures grow on the nutritious peat moss plugs. What has happened? A. you have broken off male and female structures from the bottom of the fern frond, and they united on the wet plug to form the sporophyte generation called a prothallus B. you have broken the sori on the bottom of the fern frond, and spores fell on the plug to germinate and form the gametophyte called a prothallus C. you have broken the sori on the bottom of the fern frond, and spores fell on the plug to germinate and form rhizomes that develop an indusium D. you have broken the indusium on the bottom of the fern frond, and the zygotes germinated on the plug to form the sporophyte made of an archegonium and an antheridium E. you have broken the sori on the bottom of the fern frond, and zygotes germinated on the plug to form the fiddleheads that will develop into more fronds

B

The dominant plants in modern times are the _____ due to their relationship with animal pollinators A. gymnosperms B. angiosperms C. club mosses D. ferns

B

The fiddlehead is a ______ that unfolds into a _____ A. diploid gametophyte; fern frond B. diploid sporophyte; fern frond C. haploid sporophyte; fern frond D. haploid gametophyte; fern frond E. diploid gametophyte; moss plant

B

The first plants to colonize land were the A. gametophytes B. bryophytes C. pteridophytes D. lycophytes

B

Vascular tissue that transports organic nutrients and sugars from the leaves tothe roots is A. xylem B. phloem C. cambium D. periderm E. sclerenchyma

B

Which of the following features would not be found in the bryophytes? A. a life cycle that consists of an alternation of generations B. using megaphylls to increase their photosynthetic ability C. production of flagellated sperm during reproduction D. a gametophyte that is dependent upon the sporophyte for support and nutrition

B

Which of the following structures is an inderground horizontal stem? A. bulb B. rhizome C. corm D. stolon

B

Which of these plant tissue types is composed of sieve-tube elements and companion cells, and transports organic nutrients made in the leaves A. xylem B. phloem C. collenchyma D. sclerenchyma E. parenchyma

B

Which of these vascular tissue cells is alive but lacks a nucleus? A. tracheid B. sieve-tube members C. vessel element D. companion cell

B

Which statement is NOT true about woody stems? A. woody stems contain secondary growth B. secondary phloem accumulates to form the wood C. the stem is organized into a central pith, wood, and outer bark D. cork cambium produces waterproof cork cells that become bark E. the vascular cambium is located between the xylem and phloem of the vascular bundles in a woody stem

B

Which statement is NOT true of the epidermis of a plant? A. the epidermis covers the entire body of a herbaceous plant B. guard cells are specialized epidermal cells found on root surfaces C. the epidermis is impervious to gas exchange D. root hairs increase the surface area of epidermal cells on roots E. corck cells replace epidermal cells on older woody plants

B

Which statement is NOT true of the epidermis of a plant? A. The epidermis covers the entire body of a herbaceous plant. B. Guard cells are specialized epidermal cells found on root surfaces. C. The epidermis is impervious to gas exchange. D. Root hairs increase the surface area of epidermal cells on roots. E. Cork cells replace epidermal cells on older woody plants.

B. Guard cells are specialized epidermal cells found on root surfaces.

Which statement is NOT true about woody stems? A. Woody stems contain secondary growth. B. Secondary phloem accumulates to form the wood. C. The stem is organized into a central pith, wood, and outer bark. D. Cork cambium produces waterproof cork cells that become bark. E. The vascular cambium is located between the xylem and phloem of the vascular bundles in a woody stem.

B. Secondary phloem accumulates to form the wood.

An axillary bud may produce A. nothing-it is shed with the leaf. B. a lateral branch or a flower. C. wood and lateral branches. D. inhibitors of growth.

B. a lateral branch or a flower.

All of the following are taproots that are consumed as vegetables EXCEPT A. carrots. B. celery. C. turnips. D. radishes. E. beets.

B. celery.

Plants that bear leaves the entire year are _______ and those that lose their leaves every year are called _____. A. vascular plants; nonvascular plants B. evergreens; deciduous C. monoecious; dioecious D. angiosperms; gymnosperms

B. evergreens; deciduous

Which of these plant tissue types is composed of sieve-tube elements and companion cells, and transports organic nutrients made in the leaves? A. xylem B. phloem C. collenchyma D. sclerenchyma E. parenchyma

B. phloem

Which of the following structures is an underground horizontal stem? A. bulb B. rhizome C. corm D. stolon

B. rhizome

Which of these vascular tissue cells is alive but lacks a nucleus? A. tracheid B. sieve-tube members C. vessel element D. companion cell

B. sieve-tube members

A miscrospore develops into a(n) A. seed B. sporophyte C. male gametophyte D. female gametophyte E. ovule

C

All of the following are specialized epidermal cells except A. root hairs B. trichomes C. collenchyma D. guard cells

C

All of the following characteristics are among the adaptations of plants to life on land EXCEPT A. protection of the embryo from drying out B. waxy cuticle on leaves to prevent drying out C. waxy cuticle on roots to prevent drying out D. vascular system (in most plants) to move water internally

C

Identify the feature found in Cooksonia that qualify it as a vascular plant A. presence of roots B. contained leaves C. had branches that ended in sporangia D. produced windblown spores

C

If this structure were nibbled off by browsing deer it would decrease the potential for an increase in height of the plant A. the axillary bud B. the bark C. the terminal bud D. the leaf scar E. the stem

C

In gymnosperms and angiosperms, seeds disperse the _____ stage of the life cycle and in mosses and ferns, sporese disperse the _____ stage of the life cycle A. sporophyte; sporophyte B. gametophyte; sporophyte C. sporophyte; gametophyte D. microsporocytes; megasporocytes

C

In the alternation of generations life cycle of plants, gametes are produced by the A. sporangia B. fruit C. gametophyte D. homospores E. strobili

C

Seedless vascular plants include all of the following EXCEPT A. psilotum-pteridophytes B. horsetails-sphenophyta C. sphagnum-bryophyta D. whisk ferns-psilotyphyta

C

The first fossil evidence of vascular tissue is seen in the A. green algae B. tracheophytes C. rhyniophytes D. bryophytes E. tree ferns

C

The meristems that arise from the apical meristem include all of the following EXCEPT A. protoderm B. ground meristem C. epidermis D. procambrium

C

Which of the following is a male reproductive structure found in plants? A. archegonia B. megaspore C. pollen cone D. pistil

C

Which of the following statements best descrbies a herbaceous dicot stem? A. vascular bundles are arranged scattered throughout the stem which also stores water and the products of photosynthesis B. vascular bundles are arranged in a ring and the cortex and pith are not distinguishable C. vascular bundles are arranged in a ring which stores water and the products of photosynthesis D. vascular bundles are scattered throughout the stem which is also capable of conducting photosynthesis E. the stem is composed of primary and secondary tissues

C

Which of these plant tissue types is composed of cells with primary walls thickened at the corners that provide support for immature parts of the cell body? A. xylem B. phloem C. collenchyma D. sclerenchyma E. parenchyma

C

Which of these statements is NOT true about fertilization in a fern plant? A. an egg is produced in an archegonium B. a sperm is produced in an antheridium C. the sperm is carried by the wind to the egg D. the eggs and sperm are produced on the same plant E. egg and sperm are produced by the gametophyte generation

C

Which statement is NOT true about vascular tissue in plants? A. in leaves, the vascular tissue is found in the leaf veins B. in stems, the vascular tissue is found in the vascular bundles C. phloem cells are hollow and nonliving, and they form a continuous pipeline that transports sugars D. xylem cells are hollow and nonliving, and they form a continuous pipeline that transports water and minerals E. in roots, the vascular tissue is found in the central vascular cylinder

C

A typical leaf is composed of multiple layers of specialized cells. What is the correct order of layers starting on the upper surface of the leaf and progressing to the lower surface? A. cuticle-epidermis-palisade mesophyll-spongy mesophyll-epidermis-cuticle B. cuticle-epidermis-palisade mesophyll-epidermis-spongy mesophyll-cuticle C. epidermis-cuticle-epidermis-palisade mesophyll-epidermis-spongy mesophyll D. palisade mesophyll-cuticle-epidermis-epidermis-spngy mesophyll-cuticle

A

An insect destroying the _____ layer of tissues in a leaf would lead to a decrease in the ability of gas exchange within the leaf. A. spongy mesophyll B. palisade mesophyll C. xylem D. epidermis E. cuticle

A

Angiosperms are _____ when the male and female reproductive parts are on different individuals of the same species A. dioecious B. monoecious C. tetraploid D. bryophytes

A

Asexual reproduction in the liverwort Marchantia is by means of A. the detachment of gemmae B. budding of daughter cells C. fragmentation of filaments of cells D. the fusion of anteridial and archegonial products

A

Damage to the parenchyma cells can lead to which of the following issues: A. a decrease in the plants ability to run photosynthesis or store the sugars produced from photosynthesis B. an increase in the plants ability to run photosynthesis and storing the sugars produced from photosyntheiss C. a decrease in the plants ability to defend against predators D. a decrease in the structural support for various components of the plant

A

During the spring and fall each year thousand of maple trees are tapped for their fluids in order to make "real" maple syrup. If you were to tap into a maple tree to extract the syrup (sucrose) which tissue layer do you want to tap into? A. phloem B. xylem C. epidermis D. ground tissue E. periderm

A

Farmers have been able to genetically engineer a wide variety of crops that possess an enormous diversity of traits. If a farmer wanted to increase the ability of his crops to access ground water that is several meters below ground which type of root system would he want? A. taproot B. prop roots C. fibrous roots D. pneumatophores E. aerial roots

A

Gymnosperm are characterized by producing "naked seeds" Which of the following group is not classified as a gymnosperm? A. horsetails B. cycads C. conifers D. gnetophytes E. ginkgoes

A

Identify the species that is not classified as a pteridophyte A. marchantia B. equisetum C. hart's tongue D. psilotum

A

Identify this plant as a monocot or eudicot after examining its stem and leaf. A. this plant is a monocot B. this plant is a dicot C. not enough information is provided to differentiate the plant as a monocot or dicot

A

In the moss life cycle, the ___ is the dominant generation A. haploid gametophyte B. diploid gametophyte C. haploid sporophyte D. diploid sporophyte

A

Molecular data suggests that hornworts, liverworts, and mosses A. share common ancestry but do not form a monophyletic group B. do not share common ancestry and form a polyphyletic group C. share common ancestry, but form a monophyletic group D.none of the answer choices are correct

A

Molecular data suggests that land plants evolved from A. charophytes B. rhodophyta C. dinoflagellates D. the water molds E. ciliates

A

The cortex found in the center of a dicot stem or a monocot root is made of what type of tissue? A. ground tissue B. epithelial tissue C. vascular tissue D. dermal tissue

A

To prepare a microscope slide of mitosis, where would one most likely find examples of cell division in a plant? A. near the root tip B. in a tree trunk, near the center C. anywhere in the mesophyll of a leaf D. at the center of a root, back from the tip

A

We are very familiar with two things found in large woody plants, wood and bark. The wood is essentially made of ______ and the bark is essentially made of _____ A. xylem; phloem and cork B. vascular tissue; epidermal tissue C. the cortex; the epidermis D. pith; collenchyma

A

What is the correct sequence of events during the life cycle of a moss? A. gametes are produced in the archegonia and antheridia B. spores are released C. the zygote develops within the archegonium D. the mature sporophyte develops from the gametophyte and produces spores E. flagellated sperm swim towards the egg for fertilization F. spore germinates into the protonema A. a-e-c-d-b-f B. a-e-f-d-b-c C. a-b-d-c-b-f D. f-e-b-d-a-c

A

Which statement is NOT true about primary plant growth? A. The ground meristem is a primary meristem that produces ground tissue. B. Primary growth increases the length of the plant. C. Only woody plants show primary growth. D. The procambium is a primary meristem that produces primary vascular tissue. E. The protoderm is a primary meristem that produces epidermal tissue.

C. Only woody plants show primary growth.

Which statement is NOT true about vascular tissue in plants? A. In leaves, the vascular tissue is found in the leaf veins. B. In stems, the vascular tissue is found in the vascular bundles. C. Phloem cells are hollow and nonliving, and they form a continuous pipeline that transports sugars. D. Xylem cells are hollow and nonliving, and they form a continuous pipeline that transports water and minerals. E. In roots, the vascular tissue is found in the central vascular cylinder.

C. Phloem cells are hollow and nonliving, and they form a continuous pipeline that transports sugars.

Which of these plant tissue types is composed of cells with primary walls thickened at the corners that provide support for immature parts of the cell body? A. xylem B. phloem C. collenchyma D. sclerenchyma E. parenchyma

C. collenchyma

All of the following are specialized epidermal cells except A. root hairs. B. trichomes. C. collenchyma. D. guard cells. E. A and D only are correct.

C. collenchyma.

The meristems that arise from the apical meristem include all of the following EXCEPT A. protoderm. B. ground meristem. C. epidermis. D. procambrium.

C. epidermis.

Consider the seasonal transfer of sugars in deciduous trees in the temperate zone where leaves are regularly shed before freezing winters. For lumber to be lightweight and dry so that it doesn't warp, it is best to cut timber A. in the summer while leaves are still on. B. in the early fall when leaves are about to fall. C. in the early winter when sap is in the roots. D. in the spring after sap is rising. E. anytime, since there would be no differences in how wet the wood would be.

C. in the early winter when sap is in the roots.

Among adaptations of plants to a terrestrial environment are all of the following adaptations EXCEPT A. a dominant sporophyte with vascular tissue B. a cuticle to prevent water loss from exposed parts of the plant C. stomata to regulate gas exchange with the atmosphere D. all of the choices are adaptations

D

Consider the possibility that we discover a gene that regulates both the amount of root hairs and where root hairs grow on a root tip. Since the surface area provided by root hairs is so critical to their uptake of water and nutrients, expanding their growth area seems a great advantage. However, which of these might be a problem? A. growth of root hairs in the zone of cell division would interfere with root cell proliferation B. growth of root hairs in the root cap would cause them to be shredded off since this area takes substantial abrasion C. growth of root hairs in the zone elongation would cause them to be shredded off as they achored in soul and the root lengthened D. all of these choices pose a problem

D

In older, woody plants, the epidermis of the stem is replaced by A. trichomes B. tracheids C. collenchyma D. periderm

D

In the fern life cycle, the ______ generation is dominant A. haploid gametophyte B. diploid gametophyte C. haploid sporophyte D. diploid sporophyte

D

In the pine life cycle, A. fertilization occurs shortly after pollination to produce the zygote B. the gametophyte generation is dominant and the sporophyte generation is inconspicuous C. seed cones are smaller than pollen cones D. seed cones are located near the tips of higher branches and pollen cones develop near the tips of lower branches E. the cone is the fruit that surrounds the seeds

D

The layers of cells that protect the root apical meristem are A. cortex B. endodermis C. bark D. root cap E. periderm

D

The mesophyll layer of leaves is important to plants because A. it keeps the plant from drying out B. it anchors the plant to the soil C. most of the water needed for photosynthesis is absorbed here D. most of the photosynthesis occurs here

D

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the arrangement of tissues in the eudicot root? A. the specialized root tissues are seen at the zone of maturation B. the epidermis of the root has no cuticle on its outer surface, unlike other epidermal tissues C. the pericycle is the outer layer of cells in the vascular cylinder, with the ability to form secondary or branch roots D. the star-shaped phloem is licated in the center of the vascular cylinder, with xylem arranged between the arms of phloem E. the casparian strip is a waxy lining on four sides of the cells of the endodermis, which forces water into the endodermal cells

D

Which of the following tissue types are found only in the zone of cell division of the root tip? A. xylem and phloem B. endodermis C. ground meristem D. none of these are restricted to just the zone of cell division of the root tip E. all of these are restricted to the zone of cell division of the root tip

D

Which of the following tissues transports water and nutrients within the plant? A. epidermal tissue B. ground tissue C. meristematic tissye D. vascular tissue

D

Which of these vascular plants produce seeds? A. ferns B. club mosses C. whisk ferns D. gnetophytes E. horsetails

D

Consider the possibility that we discover a gene that regulates both the amount of root hairs and where root hairs grow on a root tip. Since the surface area provided by root hairs is so critical to their uptake of water and nutrients, expanding their growth area seems a great advantage. However, which of these might be a problem? A. Growth of root hairs in the zone of cell division would interfere with root cell proliferation. B. Growth of root hairs in the root cap would cause them to be shredded off since this area takes substantial abrasion. C. Growth of root hairs in the zone of elongation would cause them to be shredded off as they anchored in soil and the root lengthened. D. All of these choices pose a problem.

D. All of these choices pose a problem.

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the arrangement of tissues in the eudicot root? A. The specialized root tissues are seen at the zone of maturation. B. The epidermis of the root has no cuticle on its outer surface, unlike other epidermal tissues. C. The pericycle is the outer layer of cells in the vascular cylinder, with the ability to form secondary or branch roots. D. The star-shaped phloem is located in the center of the vascular cylinder, with xylem arranged between the arms of phloem. E. The Casparian strip is a waxy lining on four sides of the cells of the endodermis, which forces water into the endodermal cells.

D. The star-shaped phloem is located in the center of the vascular cylinder, with xylem arranged between the arms of phloem.

The mesophyll layer of leaves is important to plants because A. it keeps the plant from drying out. B. it anchors the plant to the soil. C. most of the water needed for photosynthesis is absorbed here. D. most of the photosynthesis occurs here.

D. most of the photosynthesis occurs here.

In older, woody plants, the epidermis of the stem is replaced by A. trichomes. B. tracheids. C. collenchyma. D. periderm.

D. periderm.

The layers of cells that protect the root apical meristem are the A. cortex. B. endodermis. C. bark. D. root cap. E. periderm.

D. root cap.

A fifteen-foot tree growing in a fence row is used as a fence post, to which barbed wire is stapled at a height of five feet. Years later, the tree is thirty feet high. The fence is A. twenty feet up because i added fifteen feet to the original five-foot height B. split because the trunk grew up but the bottom stayed at ground level C. fifteen feet up because the tree doubled in height D. twenty feet up, stil ten feet from the top of the tree E. approximately five feet up since a tree grows linger at the tips of its stem, branches and roots

E

Evolution of plants was marked by which of the following events? A. nourishment of a multicellular embryo within the body of the female plant B. the development of vascular tissue to conduct water and solutes throughout the body of the plant C. seed production D. flowers produced E. all of the choices are correct

E

Flagellated sperm and a sporophyte that is dependent on the gametophyte are characteristics of A. gymnosperm B. angiosperm C. liverworts D. moss E. liverworts and mosses

E

The root endodermis A. forms a boundary between the cortex and inner vascular cylinder of the root B. contains impermeable lignin and suberin called a casparian strip that controls water and nutrient movement between adjacent cell walls C. is two to three layers of spherical cells D. all of the choices are true of root endodermis E. forms a boundary between cortex and inner vascular cylinder of the root and contains impermeable lignin and suberin called a casparian strip that controls water and nutrient movement between adjacent cell walls is correct

E

Which benefit did the lycophytes derive from their evolution of megaphylls? A. an increased ability to capture more solar energy B. increased ability to produce greater stores of food C. their fitness would have increased due to a greater ability to photosynthesize D. all of these are benefits they would have received E. they would not have received any of these benefits

E

Which of the following descriptions applies to megaphylls? A. can be found in both pteridophytes and seed plants B. are broad leaves with strands of vascular tissues C. these allowed early plants to photosynthesize more efficiently D. none of these statements apply to megaphylls E. all of the answer choices apply to megaphylls

E

Which of the following features would disqualify a plant from being classified as a bryophyte? A. nonvascular tissues B. gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle C. presence of flagellated sperm D. ability to reproduce sexually and a sexually E. none of these features would disqualify a plant from being classified as a bryophyte

E

Which of the meristems and tissues is (are) mismatched? A. protoderm-vascular tissue B. ground meristem-ground tissue C. procambrium-epidermal tissue D. none of these are mismatched E. protoderm-vascular tissue and procambrium-epidermal tissue are mismatched

E

Which of these plant tissue types most closely corresponds to the "typical" unspecialized plant cell? A. xylem B. phloem C. collenchyma D. sclerenchyma E. parenchyma

E

Which statement about leaves is NOT correct? A. the epidermis is covered by a waxy layer of cuticle that reduces water loss B. gas exchange occurs through tiny openings in the leaf surface called stomates C. regulation of gas exchange through the leaf is the responsibility of the guard cells D. vascular tissue is arranged in a net pattern in dicots and a parallel pattern in monocots E. in eudicots, the photosynthetic mesophyll is made up of an upper spongy layer and a lower palisade layer

E

You need to identify a plant, but it is winter and the leaves have fallen to the ground and mixed with leaves from other plants. The parts of flowers, fruits, and seed leaves of germinating seeds are not available either. Your best clue to identify the plants as a monocot or a eudicot is to A. inspect the stem for woody bark, as only eudicots have woody tissue B. determine if there are parallel xylem tubes in the stem to identify it as a monocot C. determine if the roots lack phloem and xylem to identify it as a monocot D. cut the stem and if the vascular bundles are in a distinct ring, it is a monocot E. cut the stem and if the vascular bundles are scattered in the stem, it is a monocot

E

A fifteen-foot tree growing in a fencerow is used as a fencepost, to which barbed wire is stapled at a height of five feet. Years later, the tree is thirty feet high. The fence is A. twenty feet up because it added fifteen feet to the original five-foot height. B. split because the trunk grew up but the bottom stayed at ground level. C. fifteen feet up because the tree doubled in height. D. twenty feet up, still ten feet from the top of the tree. E. approximately five feet up since a tree grows longer at the tips of its stem, branches and roots.

E. approximately five feet up since a tree grows longer at the tips of its stem, branches and roots.

You need to identify a plant, but it is winter and the leaves have fallen to the ground and mixed with leaves from other plants. The parts of flowers, fruits, and seed leaves of germinating seeds are not available either. Your best clue to identify the plants as a monocot or a eudicot is to A. inspect the stem for woody bark, as only eudicots have woody tissue. B. determine if there are parallel xylem tubes in the stem to identify it as a monocot. C. determine if the roots lack phloem and xylem to identify it as a monocot. D. cut the stem and if the vascular bundles are in a distinct ring, it is a monocot. E. cut the stem and if the vascular bundles are scattered in the stem, it is a monocot.

E. cut the stem and if the vascular bundles are scattered in the stem, it is a monocot.

Which of these plant tissue types most closely corresponds to the "typical" unspecialized plant cell? A. xylem B. phloem C. collenchyma D. sclerenchyma E. parenchyma

E. parenchyma

Lenticels are small openings on the underside of eudicot leaves where gaseous exchange occurs. True False

False

Mycorrhizae are associations between bacteria and the roots of select plants. True False

False

The outer annual rings where transport occurs is called heartwood. True False

False

Monocot roots have centrally located ground tissue called pith, surrounded by a ring of xylem and phloem bundles. True False

True

Strawberry plants vegetatively reproduce by forming new plants where the nodes of stolons touch the ground. True False

True

The shoot system of the plant is the aboveground portion that includes stems and leaves for capturing the energy of sunlight. True False

True

Vascular tissue extends through the roots, stems, and leaves of the entire plant. True False

True

If a plant contains seven bud scale scars this would indicate that the plant is ____ years old

seven

The root endodermis A. forms a boundary between the cortex and inner vascular cylinder of the root. B. contains impermeable lignin and suberin called a Casparian strip that controls water and nutrient movement between adjacent cell walls. C. is two to three layers of spherical cells. D. All of the choices are true of root endodermis. E. A and B only are correct.

E. A and B only are correct.

Which of the meristems and tissues is (are) mismatched? A. protoderm - vascular tissue B. ground meristem - ground tissue C. procambrium - epidermal tissue D. None of the above are mismatched. E. A and C are mismatched.

E. A and C are mismatched.

Which statement about leaves is NOT correct? A. The epidermis is covered by a waxy layer of cuticle that reduces water loss. B. Gas exchange occurs through tiny openings in the leaf surface called stomates. C. Regulation of gas exchange through the leaf is the responsibility of the guard cells. D. Vascular tissue is arranged in a net pattern in dicots and a parallel pattern in monocots. E. In eudicots, the photosynthetic mesophyll is made up of an upper spongy layer and a lower palisade layer.

E. In eudicots, the photosynthetic mesophyll is made up of an upper spongy layer and a lower palisade layer.