Chapter 23-FA17

If the half-life of carbon-14 is about 5,730 years, then a fossil that has 1/16th the normal proportion of carbon-14 to carbon-12 should be about how many years old?

22,900

What should be the approximate age of marine fossils found in undisturbed sedimentary rock immediately overlying the igneous rock at the arrow labeled 2?

500,000 years

Based on the shared core processes and features, which statement most accurately describes the order, the theory and the evolutionary implications for all organisms within domain Eurkarya?

As Earth was becoming more aerobic, mitochondria would have provided an advantage to host cells by converting "toxic" oxygen into energy for heterotrophic cells. Since mitochondria are found in all eukaryotes, these combinations likely evolved first. Photosynthetic eukaryotes probably acquired an autotrophic prokaryote, which developed an advantageous symbiotic relationship with the host cell.

Which effect of continental drift would allow scientists to track the history of life on the planet?

Change in distribution of extinct animals

Considering the evidence, which statement best explains the reason for such an increase in number of mammals during this time?

Early mammals were probably restricted in size and diversity because they were eaten and outcompeted by the larger and more diverse dinosaurs. With the extinction of the dinosaurs, mammals could expand and diversify to occupy the many new available ecological niches that were previously occupied by dinosaurs.

Which type of data could be used to justify the graph shown here?

Measurement of bands of iron in sedimentary rock from dissolved iron precipitating as rust due to increased oxygen.

The first terrestrial organisms probably were considered which of the following?

Photosynthetic and prokaryotes

What should be true of the island of Hawaii?

Scientists in search of ongoing speciation events are more likely to find them there than on the other six islands, Its species should be more closely related to those of nearer islands than to those of farther islands, There is a good chance of finding endemic species on this island, On average, it should have fewer species per unit surface area than the other six islands.

Which of these planet substances is richest source of fossils?

Sedimentary rock

Which event stimulated the rapid development of eukaryotes?

addition of oxygen to the atmosphere

Adaptive radiation....

allows new species to occupy different habitats

Assuming equal sedimention rates, what should be the location of the thickest sediment layer and ,thus, the area with the greatest diversity of fossils above the oceanic crust?

around the base of Kauai, the oldest of the Hawaiian Islands

Would a search be most likely to find more fossils of this organism?

c only

Radiometric dating is based on...

decay of radioactive isotopes

A change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene effects function of that gene...

in cells that express that gene

Which of the following is a biological cause of extinctions?

origin of new species

Hox genes are a group of related genes...

that control the body plan of an embryo

A difficulty in presenting evidence for a sixth mass extinction is

that the tropical rain forests harbor many unknown species

Upon being formed,oceanic islands, such as the Hawaiian Islands, should feature what characteristic, leading to which phenomenon?

variety of empty ecological niches, leading to adaptive radiation