Chapter 23 Lecture Exam

Linoleic acid and linolenic acid are examples of A: tranport proteins B: lipoproteins C: essential fatty acids D: essential amino acids E: non essential amino acids

C: essential fatty acids

What is glucose storage stimulated by? A: glucagon B: ATP C: insulin D: none of the above

C: insulin

The nutrients that yield the most energy per gram when metabolized are A: carbohydrates B: proteins C: lipids D: nucleic acids E: vitamins

C: lipids

What is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body called? A: cellular metabolism B: ATP C: metabolism D: none of the above

C: metabolism

__________ creates 90% of the ATP normally generated A: lipogenesis B: the electron transport system C: oxidative phosphorylation D: glycolysis E: transamination

C: oxidative phosphorylation

Reactions within _______ provide most of the energy needed by a typical cell A: cytoplasm B: the plasma membrane C: the mitochondria D: the endoplasmic reticulum E: the nucleus

C: the mitochondria

The process that catalyzes fatty acids using enzymes that generate acetyl-CoA is called A: lipolysis B: lipogenesis C: emulsification D: oxidative phosphorylation E: beta oxidation

E: beta oxidation

The sum of all of the biochemical processes going on within the human body at any given time is called A: glycolysis B: oxidative phosphorylation C: catabolism D: anabolism E: metabolism

E: metabolism

T/F: during aerobic conditions, pyruvic acid continues to the ETC

False

T/F: if in excesss, HDL will deposit cholesterol in arteries (plaque formation)

False

Glycolytic breakdown of glucose results in _____________ molecules A: 2 pyruvate B: 4 NADH C: 4 ATP D: 2 CO2 E: 2 H20

A: 2 pyruvate

The citric acid cycle A: begins with the formation of a molecule of citric acid B: directly produces most of the ATP from the catabolism of glucose C: consumes two moles of carbon dioxide D: contains enzymes called cytochromes E: forms acetyl-CoA form glucose-6-phosphate

A: begins with the formation of a molecule of citric acid

Identify the structure labeled 4 A: hydrogen atom B: citric acid C: 4 carbon molecule D: NADH E: FADH2

A: hydrogen atom

All of the following take place during the absorptive state except A: ketone bodies begin to form B: blood glucose levels rise C: estrogen promotes protein synthesis D: insulin stimulates triglycerides E: aerobic metabolism provides increased synthesis of blood lipid levels

A: ketone bodies begin to form

Urea is formed in the A: liver B: stomach C: kidneys D: small intestine E: large intestine

A: liver

When the body is relying on internal energy reserves to continue meeting its energy demands, it is in the _______ state A: post absorptive B: absorptive C: starvation D: deprivation E: preabsorptive

A: postabsorptive

The function of the citric acid cycle is to A: remove hydrogen atoms from organic molecules and transfer them to coenzymes B: transfer the acetyl group C: hydrolyze glucose D: produce carbon dioxide E: produce water

A: remove hydrogen atoms from organic molecules and transfer them to coenzymes

ATP synthase uses released energy to make ________ A: ADP B: ATP C: both A and B D: none of the above

B: ATP

Identify the molecule labeled 5 A: fumaric acid B: citric acid C: 4 carbon molecule D: malic acid E: oxaloacetic acid

B: citric acid

Which step of glucose metabolism yields the greater amount of ATP? A: glycolysis B: electron transport chain C: citric acid cycle D: glycolysis + citric acid cycle E: none of the answers are correct

B: electron transport chain

Fatty acids that are necessary for proper health but cannot be synthesized by the body are called A: water soluble vitamins B: essential fatty acids C: high density lipoproteins D: low density lipoproteins E: chylomicrons

B: essential fatty acids

All of the following are reasons why glucose is the primary energy source for cells except A: glucose is a small, soluble molecule B: glycogen breakdown occurs very slowly C: glucose can be sorted efficiently D: glycogen breakdown involves only a single enzymatic step E: glycolysis does not require oxygen to generate ATP

B: glycogen breakdown occurs very slowly

During the post absorptive state, which of the following enhances the effects of glucocorticoids? A: insulin B: growth hormone C: glucagon D: epinephrine E: androgens

B: growth hormone

All of the following occur during the post absorptive state except that A: glycogen is broken down into glucose in the liver B: levels of blood glucose are elevated C: ketone bodies may be formed D: lipid mobilization occurs E: gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver

B: levels of blood glucose are elevated

Where does the TCA cycle or Krebs cycle occur? A: cytoplasm B: mitochondria C: nucleus D: none of the above

B: mitochondria

The conversion of ammonia into a less toxic substance produces A: ketone bodies B: urea C: nitrate D: acetyl-CoA E: water

B: urea

In transamination, the amino group of an amino acid is _______, yielding a different amino acid A: converted to ammonia B: converted to urea C: transferred to another molecule D: absorbed by water E: transferred to acetyl - CoA

C: transferred to another molecule

Of the 20 amino acids, _______ are essential amino acids that the body cannot synthesize or that cannot be produced in amounts sufficient for growing children A: 2 B: 6 C: 8 D: 10 E: 20

D: 10

Lipogenesis generally begins with A: glucose B: amino acids C: fatty acids D: acetyl-CoA E: succcinyl-CoA

D: acetyl-CoA

Wally decides to go on a hunger strike to further one of his favorite causes. After many days with nothing but water you would expect to observe A: elevated levels of glucocorticoids B: ketone bodies in his urine C: lowered blood pH D: all of the answers are correct E: none of the answers are correct

D: all of the answers are correct

Identify the molecule labeled 2 A: hydrogen atoms B: citric acid C: NAD D: carbon dioxide E: FADH2

D: carbon dioxide

Cells do not synthesize new organic components for which of the following reasons? A: structural maintenance B: growth and repair C: production of secretions D: creation of essential amino acids E: regulation of homeostasis

D: creation of essential amino acids

Where does conversion of glucose to pyruvic acid occur? A: mitochondria B: nucleus C: endoplasmic reticulum D: cytoplasm

D: cytoplasm

Glycolysis breaks down glucose into what? A: citric acid B: NADH C: glutaraldehyde D: pyruvate E: phosphate

D: pyruvate

Amino acids are used by all cells for A: transduction B: transmission C: transamination D: translation

D: translation

In the ETS, _______ accepts electrons from one molecule and transfers them to another A: a hydrogen ion B: water C: the acetyl group D: ATP E: a coenzyme or a cytochrome

E: a coenzyme or a cytochrome

T/F: as electrons flow in the ETC, hydrogen ions are pushed into intermembrane space creating a concentration gradient

True

T/F: energy is stored in chemical bonds

True