Chapter 23 Test

34) At any given time, what percentage of the body's capillaries have blood flowing through them? A) 5-10% B) 20-25% C) 40-50% D) 85-90%

A) 5-10%

58) Imagine that blood did not contain any dissolved proteins. What would likely happen when this abnormal blood flows through a capillary bed? A) Nearly all of the fluid in the blood would move out of the capillaries. B) None of the fluid in the blood would move out of the capillaries. C) Some of the proteins in the interstitial fluid would flow into the capillaries. D) The blood would flow normally through the capillaries.

A) Nearly all of the fluid in the blood would move out of the capillaries.

57) Which of the following molecules is least likely to be able to pass through a capillary wall? A) an enzyme B) a sodium ion C) glucose D) oxygen

A) an enzyme

27) In humans, which blood vessels have valves? A) arteries in the neck B) arterioles C) capillaries D) veins

A) arteries in the neck

24) Which of the following is the cause of more than half of all deaths in the United States? A) cardiovascular disease B) flu C) cancer D) diabetes

A) cardiovascular disease

52) Bone marrow stem cells are sometimes used to treat certain blood cell diseases, such as A) leukemia. B) anemia. C) cardiovascular disease. D) hemophilia.

A) leukemia.

44) Which of the following cells are phagocytes? A) monocytes and neutrophils B) basophils and eosinophils C) lymphocytes only D) lymphocytes, basophils, and eosinophils

A) monocytes and neutrophils

13) Oxygen-poor blood is carried from the heart of a mammal to the lungs via the A) pulmonary arteries. B) pulmonary veins. C) superior vena cava. D) inferior vena cava.

A) pulmonary arteries.

31) Which of the following factors contributes to the flow of blood in veins? A) skeletal muscle contractions B) the number of red blood cells in venous blood C) the diameter of capillaries D) blood pressure generated by the heart

A) skeletal muscle contractions

8) Which of the following animals has a three-chambered heart? A) snake B) crocodile C) human D) bird

A) snake

54) During exercise, your cardiac output can increase dramatically in order to meet the metabolic demands of your tissues. If your heart rate increased to 150 beats per minute and the volume of blood pumped per beat is 75 mL, what is your cardiac output? A) 5 L/min B) 11.25 L/min C) 11,250 L/min D) 50,000 L/min

B) 11.25 L/min

1) Which of the following statements regarding circulatory systems is true? A) The smallest blood vessels in the body are veins. B) A circulatory system is necessary in any animal whose body is too large or too complex for vital chemicals to reach all parts of the body by diffusion. C) Materials are exchanged directly between the blood and body cells. D) Veins carry blood away from the heart to body organs and tissues.

B) A circulatory system is necessary in any animal whose body is too large or too complex for

43) Which of the following statements about erythrocytes is true? A) The main function of erythrocytes is to carry nutrients. B) Erythrocytes are shaped like biconcave disks. C) Each erythrocyte contains about 1 million molecules of hemoglobin. D) Erythrocytes in adult humans have nuclei.

B) Erythrocytes are shaped like biconcave disks.

32) Which of the following statements regarding blood pressure is false? A) Normal blood pressure for adult humans is usually at or below 120/80. B) Hypertension is defined as persistent systolic pressure above 120 and/or diastolic above 80. C) High blood pressure can lead to an enlarged and weakened heart, increased risk of heart attack, stroke, and kidney failure. D) The higher number in a blood pressure reading measures the force of a heart contraction.

B) Hypertension is defined as persistent systolic pressure above 120 and/or diastolic above 80.

37) The diameter of a capillary is about the same as that of A) a nerve. B) a red blood cell. C) an arteriole. D) a venule.

B) a red blood cell.

15) From the left ventricle, oxygen-rich blood flows through the A) superior vena cava. B) aorta. C) pulmonary artery. D) pulmonary vein.

B) aorta.

64) You are taking someone's blood pressure and are listening to sounds of blood flow just under the blood pressure cuff. If this person is hypertensive and has a blood pressure of 140/90, what would be the blood pressure associated with the first sound you hear? A) above 140 mm Hg B) between 90 and 140 mm Hg C) below 90 mm Hg D) between 70 and 120 mm Hg

B) between 90 and 140 mm Hg

30) Which kind of vessel has the lowest blood velocity? A) artery B) capillary C) venule D) vein

B) capillary

6) Adaptation to terrestrial life involved major evolutionary changes. The change from gill breathing to lung breathing was accompanied by important changes in the A) reproductive system. B) cardiovascular system. C) manufacture of blood cells. D) association of blood and interstitial fluid.

B) cardiovascular system.

17) During which phase of the heartbeat does the heart fill with blood? A) resting phase B) diastole C) active phase D) systole

B) diastole

5) You are dissecting a "mystery animal" in biology lab and discover that it has a series of closed blood vessels, a pair of lungs, two atria, and a single ventricle. What animal are you dissecting? A) fish B) frog C) crocodile D) bird

B) frog

61) To view the path of blood flow through the heart and body, scientists and physicians perform an angiogram by injecting a dye into the blood and monitoring its movement. Imagine that this dye was injected into the pulmonary vein. Which of the following is the correct order of structures that the dye will flow through? A) lungs, pulmonary artery, left atrium, left ventricle B) left atrium, left ventricle, aorta, body arteries C) right atrium, right ventricle, aorta, body arteries D) lungs, pulmonary artery, right atrium, right ventricle

B) left atrium, left ventricle, aorta, body arteries

3) The two basic types of circulatory systems that have evolved over time are A) flat and circular. B) open and closed. C) series and parallel. D) invertebrate and vertebrate.

B) open and closed.

40) The liquid part of blood is called A) water. B) plasma. C) serum. D) interstitial fluid.

B) plasma.

12) In mammals, which of the following vessels transports oxygenated blood from the lung back to the heart? A) pulmonary artery B) pulmonary vein C) vena cava D) coronary artery

B) pulmonary vein

56) You conduct a study with mice to determine whether giving them air with a higher than normal oxygen level results in their having a higher than normal oxygen content in their blood. What vessel should you draw blood from if you want to measure the highest potential level of oxygen content in the blood? A) superior vena cava B) pulmonary vein C) pulmonary artery D) aorta

B) pulmonary vein

7) Which of the following animals has a single circuit of blood flow and two heart chambers? A) salamander B) salmon C) snake D) squirrel

B) salmon

21) The location of the heart's pacemaker is a specialized region of cardiac muscle called the A) atrioventricular node. B) sinoatrial node. C) Purkinje fibers. D) left ventricle.

B) sinoatrial node.

11) In mammals, blood returning from the head will pass through the ________ just before entering the right atrium. A) left atrium B) superior vena cava C) inferior vena cava D) aorta

B) superior vena cava

53) During exercise, your heart rate can increase dramatically in order to meet the metabolic demands of your tissues. If your heart rate increased to 144 beats per minute, approximately how long would diastole last? A) 0.2 second B) 0.6 second C) 0.8 second D) 1.6 seconds

C) 0.8 second

45) How long do human red blood cells circulate in the blood before they wear out and have to be replaced? A) 1 to 2 weeks B) 1 month C) 3 to 4 months D) 10 to 12 months

C) 3 to 4 months

41) Cells make up about what percentage of total blood volume? A) 10% B) 25% C) 45% D) 80%

C) 45%

60) A woman has been standing in one place without moving for a long time. You walk by and notice that her ankles are swollen. What is a likely explanation for this observation? A) Since the woman has not flexed her leg muscles, blood has not moved upward through the veins so stays pooled at her ankles. B) The woman's blood pressure has likely increased because of inactivity, and thus the blood has pooled at the her ankles. C) Since the woman hasn't flexed her leg muscles, blood has not moved upward through the arteries so stays pooled at her ankles. D) The woman's heart rate has likely increased because of inactivity, and thus the blood has pooled at her ankles.

C) Since the woman hasn't flexed her leg muscles, blood has not moved upward through the arteries so stays pooled at her ankles.

16) The largest blood vessel in the human body is the A) superior vena cava. B) pulmonary vein. C) aorta. D) pulmonary artery.

C) aorta.

48) Which of the following can increase red blood cell concentration in a unit of blood? A) training at low altitudes B) reducing blood levels of EPO C) blood doping D) hydration

C) blood doping

47) An adult human's red blood cells are formed in the A) spleen. B) liver. C) bone marrow. D) thoracic cavity.

C) bone marrow.

36) What type of blood vessel is solely responsible for exchange between the blood and the interstitial fluid? A) artery B) arteriole C) capillary D) venule

C) capillary

42) Plasma proteins are involved in all of the following activities except A) fighting infection. B) maintaining osmotic balance. C) carrying oxygen. D) blood clotting.

C) carrying oxygen.

9) Although birds and mammals descended from different ancestors, they both have a four-chambered heart. This is the result of A) the simplification of the cardiovascular system. B) the necessity for rapid movement of blood. C) convergent evolution. D) genetic aberrations that resulted from mistakes in somatic cell division.

C) convergent evolution

46) What is the most common cause of anemia? A) vitamin deficiency B) low blood pressure C) iron deficiency D) inefficient hemoglobin production

C) iron deficiency

38) One way that substances move between blood and interstitial fluid is by A) alternatively breaking and regenerating membranes of cells lining capillaries. B) osmosis. C) pressure-driven flow through clefts between the epithelial cells of the capillary wall. D) active transport utilizing ATP.

C) pressure-driven flow through clefts between the epithelial cells of the capillary wall.

19) During ventricular systole, the ________ valves ________. A) AV; open B) semilunar; close C) semilunar; open D) AV and semilunar; close

C) semilunar; open

33) Which of the following can contribute to high blood pressure? A) regular exercise B) eating a heart-healthy diet C) smoking D) maintaining proper weight

C) smoking

25) Arteries are distinguished from veins based on all of the following features except A) the direction of blood flow relative to the heart. B) the structure of their walls. C) the amount of oxygen present in the blood. D) the blood pressure.

C) the amount of oxygen present in the blood.

39) Whether there is a net flow of fluid into or out of a capillary at a given point along its length depends upon A) whether the fluid contains nutrients or wastes. B) whether or not the fluid contains oxygen. C) the balance between blood pressure and osmotic pressure. D) the needs of the tissue.

C) the balance between blood pressure and osmotic pressure.

2) Which of the following is a function of the circulatory system? A) transporting nerve impulses throughout the body B) governing nutrient concentration in the blood C) transporting nutrients to body cells D) mounting a response to invading microorganisms

C) transporting nutrients to body cells

62) A red blood cell is in an artery in the right leg. How many capillary beds will it pass through before it returns to the left atrium of the heart? A) none B) one C) two D) three

C) two

63) Ventricular contraction normally begins at the apex (bottom of the heart). What would likely happen if ventricular contraction originated at the intersection of the atria and the ventricles instead? A) Blood would be pumped through the semilunar valves. B) Blood would be pumped through the AV valves. C) Blood would be pumped back into the atria. D) Blood would be pumped down to the apex of the heart.

D) Blood would be pumped down to the apex of the heart.

59) Hematocrit is the percentage of red blood cells in the blood. In adult humans, hematocrit is roughly 40-45%, but it can be much higher or lower in other animals. Consider the Weddell seal, a mammal that can dive and hold its breath underwater for upwards of 80 minutes. What is the hematocrit level of a Weddell seal, and why? A) It is likely lower than that of an adult human because the seal needs access to less oxygen when diving. B) It is likely lower than that of an adult human because the seal needs access to more oxygen when diving. C) It is likely higher than that of an adult human because the seal needs access to less oxygen when diving. D) It is likely higher than that of an adult human because the seal needs access to more oxygen when diving.

D) It is likely higher than that of an adult human because the seal needs access to more oxygen when diving.

10) Which of the following statements about mammalian circulatory systems is false? A) The pulmonary circuit carries blood between the heart and the lungs. B) The systemic circuit carries blood between the heart and the rest of the body. C) Mammals have two atria and two ventricles in their hearts. D) The left side of a mammal's heart sends blood to the lungs.

D) The left side of a mammal's heart sends blood to the lungs.

50) Which of the following statements about blood clotting is true? A) The first response to an injury is dilation of the damaged blood vessels. B) During the clotting response, platelets rapidly congregate in the interstitial fluid. C) Fibrin is enzymatically converted to fibrinogen. D) Threads of fibrin form a fibrin clot.

D) Threads of fibrin form a fibrin clot.

55) Sometimes when a person in a movie is stabbed or cut, blood forcefully sprays out of the wound. This is realistic only if the severed vessel is under a high degree of pressure. Which of the following vessels, if severed, would result in the most forceful spray of blood? A) pulmonary artery B) inferior vena cava C) capillaries in the body D) aorta

D) aorta

20) Using a stethoscope, you listen to a beating heart and hear "lub-dup, lub-dup." These sounds are created by A) muscles in the left ventricle. B) blood flowing through the aorta. C) blood pressure differentials from chamber to chamber. D) blood recoiling against the closed valves.

D) blood recoiling against the closed valves.

51) Stem cells found in the red marrow inside bones A) phagocytize bacterial cells. B) are primarily important in blood clotting. C) are responsible for an immune response. D) can differentiate into all blood cells and platelets.

D) can differentiate into all blood cells and platelets

26) Which blood vessels have the thinnest walls? A) arterioles B) veins C) venules D) capillaries

D) capillaries

49) Blood clots are formed by platelets and the plasma protein A) thrombin. B) sealin. C) hemophilin. D) fibrinogen.

D) fibrinogen.

23) Myocardial infarction, also called a heart attack, A) is caused by excessive blood pressure in the heart. B) actually causes no permanent damage to the heart. C) is unrelated to cigarette smoking. D) is the damage or death of cardiac muscle tissue.

D) is the damage or death of cardiac muscle tissue.

4) Which of the following is characteristic of the circulatory system of arthropods? A) lack of a heart B) lack of blood C) lack of blood vessels D) lack of distinction between blood and interstitial fluid

D) lack of distinction between blood and interstitial fluid

35) Blood flow through capillaries is controlled by A) one-way valves. B) precapillary sphincters only. C) smooth muscle in the walls of arterioles only. D) precapillary sphincters and smooth muscle in the walls of arterioles.

D) precapillary sphincters and smooth muscle in the walls of arterioles.

22) The main function of the AV node is to A) initiate the heartbeat. B) set the rhythm of the heartbeat. C) relay the signal for the heart to contract from the right ventricle to the right atrium. D) relay a signal for the ventricles to contract.

D) relay a signal for the ventricles to contract.

14) Blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs by the A) left atrium. B) right atrium. C) left ventricle. D) right ventricle.

D) right ventricle.

29) In which of the following human blood vessels is the blood pressure lowest? A) arteries in the head B) arterioles in the legs C) capillaries in the feet D) veins in the head

D) veins in the head

18) Cardiac output is defined as the volume of blood pumped by a(n) ________ each time it contracts. A) heart B) atrium C) atrioventricular valve D) ventricle

D) ventricle