Chapter 24 BIO 169
In French, it's "faire de pipi," in Spanish, it's "hacer pipí," in English, it's "I have to pee." What's the medical term for this universal urge to pass urine?
micturition
When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) decreases,
more urine is produced and the osmolarity of the urine decreases.
Each of the following organs is part of the urinary system except the
rectum
Which of the tubules is impermeable to water?
ascending limb of the nephron loop
The ability to form concentrated urine depends on the functions of
both the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct
Chloride ion is reabsorbed in the thick ascending limb by
cotransport with Na ions
The DCT secretes hydrogen ions in exchange for sodium ions by the process of
countertransport
One mechanism the kidney uses to raise systemic blood pressure is to
increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex
Increased sympathetic tone can do all of the following except
increase the glomerular filtration rate
Major calyces are
large tributaries of the renal pelvis
All of the following are true of the kidneys except that they are
located partly within the pelvic cavity
The left kidney lies ________ to the right kidney.
slightly superior
During the micturition reflex,
stimulation of stretch receptors in the bladder wall sends impulses to the sacral cord.
The ________ is a capillary plexus that parallels the nephron loop.
vasa recta
Regarding kidney function, in reabsorption,
water and solutes are transported from the tubular fluid, across the tubular, epithelium, and into the peritubular fluid.
The ureters and urinary bladder are lined by ________ epithelium
transitional
The area of the urinary bladder bounded by the openings of the two ureters and the urethra is called the
trigone
Urine is eliminated from the body through the
urethra
The inability to urinate is termed
urinary retention
In response to increased levels of aldosterone, the kidneys produce
urine with a lower concentration of sodium ions
Typical renal blood flow is about ________ percent of cardiac output under resting conditions.
25
As the filtrate passes through the renal tubules, approximately what percentage is reabsorbed and returned to the circulation?
99
Substances secreted by the distal convoluted tubule include
All of the answers are correct
The position of the kidneys in the abdominal cavity is stabilized by
All of the answers are correct
________ nephrons are essential to water conservation and the production of concentrated urine.
Juxtamedullary
True or false? The micturition reflex is controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system.
True
All of the following structures can be found in the components of the urinary tract except
a calyx
The afferent arteriole in the kidney
carries blood to the glomerulus
Urine passes, in the order given, through which of the following structures?
collecting duct, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra
Eighty-five percent of nephrons in the human kidney are located in the ________ and have short nephron loops.
cortex
The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the
distal convoluted tubule.
Blood leaves the glomerulus through a blood vessel called the
efferent arteriole
Under normal conditions, glomerular filtration depends on three main pressures. Which of those pressures is a pressure that favors the filtration pressure?
glomerular hydrostatic pressure
The structure known as the juxtaglomerular apparatus is located near the
glomerulus
The inability of the kidneys to excrete adequately to maintain homeostasis is termed
renal failure
Which of the following descriptions best matches the term "renal papilla"?
tip of the medullary pyramid