Chapter 24 BIO 169

In French, it's "faire de pipi," in Spanish, it's "hacer pipí," in English, it's "I have to pee." What's the medical term for this universal urge to pass urine?

micturition

When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) decreases,

more urine is produced and the osmolarity of the urine decreases.

Each of the following organs is part of the urinary system except the

rectum

Which of the tubules is impermeable to water?

ascending limb of the nephron loop

The ability to form concentrated urine depends on the functions of

both the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct

Chloride ion is reabsorbed in the thick ascending limb by

cotransport with Na ions

The DCT secretes hydrogen ions in exchange for sodium ions by the process of

countertransport

One mechanism the kidney uses to raise systemic blood pressure is to

increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex

Increased sympathetic tone can do all of the following except

increase the glomerular filtration rate

Major calyces are

large tributaries of the renal pelvis

All of the following are true of the kidneys except that they are

located partly within the pelvic cavity

The left kidney lies ________ to the right kidney.

slightly superior

During the micturition reflex,

stimulation of stretch receptors in the bladder wall sends impulses to the sacral cord.

The ________ is a capillary plexus that parallels the nephron loop.

vasa recta

Regarding kidney function, in reabsorption,

water and solutes are transported from the tubular fluid, across the tubular, epithelium, and into the peritubular fluid.

The ureters and urinary bladder are lined by ________ epithelium

transitional

The area of the urinary bladder bounded by the openings of the two ureters and the urethra is called the

trigone

Urine is eliminated from the body through the

urethra

The inability to urinate is termed

urinary retention

In response to increased levels of aldosterone, the kidneys produce

urine with a lower concentration of sodium ions

Typical renal blood flow is about ________ percent of cardiac output under resting conditions.

25

As the filtrate passes through the renal tubules, approximately what percentage is reabsorbed and returned to the circulation?

99

Substances secreted by the distal convoluted tubule include

All of the answers are correct

The position of the kidneys in the abdominal cavity is stabilized by

All of the answers are correct

________ nephrons are essential to water conservation and the production of concentrated urine.

Juxtamedullary

True or false? The micturition reflex is controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system.

True

All of the following structures can be found in the components of the urinary tract except

a calyx

The afferent arteriole in the kidney

carries blood to the glomerulus

Urine passes, in the order given, through which of the following structures?

collecting duct, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra

Eighty-five percent of nephrons in the human kidney are located in the ________ and have short nephron loops.

cortex

The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the

distal convoluted tubule.

Blood leaves the glomerulus through a blood vessel called the

efferent arteriole

Under normal conditions, glomerular filtration depends on three main pressures. Which of those pressures is a pressure that favors the filtration pressure?

glomerular hydrostatic pressure

The structure known as the juxtaglomerular apparatus is located near the

glomerulus

The inability of the kidneys to excrete adequately to maintain homeostasis is termed

renal failure

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term "renal papilla"?

tip of the medullary pyramid