Chapter 24 Mastering A&P

________ are teeth with flattened crowns and prominent ridges that are adapted for crushing and grinding. Dentins Canines Molars Eye teeth Cuspids

Molars

________ are pointed teeth that are adapted for tearing and slashing. Molars Premolars Cuspids Bicuspids Incisors

Cuspids

Upon swallowing, food moves from the mouth directly into the buccal cavity. oropharynx. sublingual space. oral vestibule. oral mucosae.

oropharynx

Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion? spleen esophagus pancreas colon appendix

pancreas

Increased secretion by all the salivary glands results from sympathetic stimulation. hormonal stimulation. hunger. myenteric reflexes. parasympathetic stimulation.

parasympathetic stimulation

In most cases, the mumps is a viral infection of the ________ glands. lingual sublingual submandibular mandibular parotid

parotid

The ________ gland empties into the oral cavity at the level of the second upper molar. submandibular submaxillary sublingual parotid vestibular

parotid

Which salivary gland produces a serous secretion containing large amounts of salivary amylase? submandibular lingual sublingual mandibular parotid

parotid

The part of a tooth that contains blood vessels and nerves is the enamel. cement. dentin. pulp cavity. periodontium.

pulp cavity

What region of the stomach is indicated by the arrow? body fundus pylorus cardia

pylorus

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term submucosal plexus? sensory neural network coordinates activity of muscularis externa component of mucosa secretes a watery fluid loose connective tissue layer containing blood vessels

sensory neural network

A stratified squamous epithelial lining can be found in all of the following except in the oral cavity. stomach. oropharynx. esophagus. anal canal.

stomach

The epithelium lining the oropharynx is simple squamous. simple columnar. pseudostratified squamous. simple cuboidal. stratified squamous.

stratified squamous

The oral mucosa has ________ epithelium. pseudostratified stratified squamous stratified columnar simple squamous transitional

stratified squamous

The ________ salivary glands are covered by the mucous membrane in the floor of the mouth. submandibular parotid mandibular lingual sublingual

sublingual

Which salivary gland produces a mucous rich secretion that acts as a buffer and lubricant? lingual submandibular parotid palatine sublingual

sublingual

Which type of salivary glands produces glycoproteins called mucins? (Figure 24-9) buccal sublingual submandibular parotid lingual

submandibular

Large blood vessels and lymphatics are found in the muscularis. submucosa. serosa. mucosa. adventitia.

submucosa

Sensory nerve cells, parasympathetic ganglia, and sympathetic postganglionic fibers can be found in the submucosal neural plexus. adventitia. mucosa. serosa. lamina propria.

submucosal neural plexus

Muscles known as the pharyngeal constrictors function in esophageal peristalsis. moving the tongue. swallowing. opening the cardiac sphincter. mastication.

swallowing

Which accessory organ of the digestive system does not produce any enzymes or digestive secretions? pancreas salivary glands liver teeth gallbladder

teeth

Which of these is NOT an accessory organ of digestion? appendix liver pancreas teeth

appendix

Which of the following answers correctly lists the phases of the swallowing process before the bolus enters the stomach? buccal esophageal pharyngeal esophageal pharyngeal buccal pharyngeal buccal esophageal buccal pharyngeal esophageal

buccal pharyngeal esophageal

Becky is experiencing indigestion and pain. The doctor also notes ascites formation in her abdomen. What is ascites? buildup of bile in the bile duct buildup of pancreatic juice in the pancreas buildup of peritoneal fluid in the peritoneal cavity gallstones blocking the cystic duct inflammation of the appendix

buildup of peritoneal fluid in the peritoneal cavity

A feature of the digestive tract wall that increases surface area available for absorption is the transitional cells. muscularis mucosa. circular folds. elastic cells. rugae.

circular folds

Which structure is not found in the oral cavity? uvula gingivae palatoglossal arch conchae palatine tonsil

conchae

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term myenteric plexus? component of mucosa coordinates activity of muscularis externa loose connective tissue layer containing blood vessels secretes a watery fluid sensory neural network

coordinates activity of muscularis externa

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system? ingestion mechanical processing filtration secretion absorption

filtration

The ridge of oral mucosa that surrounds the base of a tooth is the alveolus. faux. uvula. gingiva. vestibule.

gingiva

A fatty apron known as the __________ protects the abdominal viscera anteriorly. lamina propria rectus abdominis greater omentum lesser omentum

greater omentum

Which of the following contains adipose tissue and provides padding for the anterior and lateral portions of the abdomen? greater omentum lesser omentum falciform ligament mesentery proper diaphragm

greater omentum

Intrinsic and extrinsic movements of the tongue are controlled by the ________ cranial nerves. hypoglossal vagus facial accessory trochlear

hypoglossal

The oral mucosa in much of the oral cavity such as the roof of the mouth and the surface of the tongue is comprised of ________ epithelium. keratinized simple squamous keratinized stratified squamous nonkeratinized simple squamous nonkeratinized stratified squamous goblet cell

keratinized stratified squamous

The layer of loose connective tissue that directly supports the digestive epithelium is the lamina propria. muscularis mucosae. submucosal neural plexus. submucosa. myenteric plexus.

lamina propria

Which organ is responsible for dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials? anus esophagus large intestine small intestine stomach

large intestine

What provides access for blood vessels entering and leaving the liver? diaphragm mesentery proper falciform ligament lesser omentum greater omentum

lesser omentum

The connection of the anterior portion of the tongue to the underlying epithelium is the glossal septum. lingual frenulum. faux. labial frenulum. uvula.

lingual frenulum

The technical term for chewing is borborygmus. mastication. peristalsis. segmentation. deglutition.

mastication

Digestion refers to the chemical breakdown of food. mechanical breakdown of food. mechanical and chemical breakdown of food. release of water, acids, enzymes and buffers by organs. progressive dehydration of indigestible residue.

mechanical and chemical breakdown of food

The ________ are double sheets of peritoneal membrane that suspend the visceral organs and carry nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels. lamina propria mesenteries serosa fibrosa adventitia

mesenteries

The double-layer sheets of serous membrane that support the viscera are called mesenteries. peritoneal sheets. the diaphragm. ascites. the dorsal and ventral frenulums.

mesenteries

The ________ supports all but 25 cm of the small intestine and provides stability and limited movement. diaphragm lesser omentum falciform ligament mesentery proper greater omentum

mesentery proper

Cells that are rapidly undergoing mitosis constantly repair and renew the lining of the pharynx and the esophagus, which is particularly vulnerable to abrasion associated with swallowing. Which of the following terms best describes this lining? serosa mucosa muscularis externa submucosa

mucosa

The lamina propria and mucous epithelium are components of the adventitia. mucosa. serosa. submucosa. muscularis mucosa.

mucosa

The cells in the gastric mucosa near the openings of the gastric pits largely specialize in secreting __________. intrinsic factor hydrochloric acid mucus pepsinogen

mucus

The esophagus has several variations from the standard plan of the GI tract. These include epithelium of mucosa is simple columnar and muscularis externa may be striated muscle. epithelium of mucosa is simple squamous. epithelium of mucosa is stratified squamous and simple columnar. epithelium of mucosa is simple columnar. muscularis externa has some skeletal muscle.

muscularis externa has some skeletal muscle

Contraction of the ________ alters the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves epithelial pleats and folds. submucosal neural plexus submucosa mucosa adventitia muscularis mucosa

muscularis mucosa

Sandwiched between the layer of circular and longitudinal muscle in the muscularis externa is the submucosa. muscularis mucosa. mucosa. myenteric plexus. submucosal neural plexus.

myenteric plexus

Which of the following is not a pharyngeal muscle involved in swallowing? pharyngeal constrictor muscle palatal stylopharyngeus palatopharyngeus omohyoid

omohyoid

Which of these is NOT a function of the stomach? to secrete enzymes that break down carbohydrates to mechanically digest food to secrete enzymes that break down proteins to secrete hydrochloric acid

to secrete enzymes that break down carbohydrates

Which of these is/are NOT (an) accessory organ(s) of digestion? salivary glands gall bladder liver tonsils

tonsils

A structure that helps prevent food from entering the pharynx prematurely is the epiglottis. pharyngeal arch. uvula. palatoglossal arch. palatopharyngeal arch.

uvula

The dangling process that aids in keeping food out of the nasopharynx is known as the uvula. tongue. soft palate. palatine tonsil. pharyngeal tonsil.

uvula

The space between the cheeks or lips and the teeth is called the fauces. vestibule. larynx. frenulum. pharynx.

vestibule

There are normally a total of ________ deciduous teeth. 20 18 25 28 32

20

There are normally a total of ________ permanent teeth. 25 34 32 20

32

Put the following layers of the digestive tract wall in order from the lumen to the deepest layer.1. lamina propria2. muscularis externa3. submucosa4. digestive (mucous) epithelium5. serosa6. muscularis mucosae 5, 4, 2, 6, 1, 3 4, 1, 6, 3, 2, 5 5, 2, 3, 6, 1, 4 4, 6, 3, 1, 2, 5 1, 4, 3, 6, 2, 5

4, 1, 6, 3, 2, 5

Which letter is positioned over the submucosa? A B C D

A

Damage due to puncturing or piercing of what structure would cause peritonitis? parietal peritoneum visceral peritoneum serous membranes All of the listed responses are correct

All of the listed responses are correct

________ are also known as canines. Cuspids Molars Premolars Incisors Secondary teeth

Cuspids

The epithelium lining the stomach, small intestine, and most of the large intestine is simple columnar; the epithelium in the oral cavity, esophagus, and pharynx is stratified squamous. Are these two statements true or false? The first statement is true; the second is false. Both statements are false. Both statements are true. The first statement is false; the second is true.

Both statements are true

Why do circular muscles contract behind the bolus while longitudinal muscles contract ahead of the bolus? (Figure 24-4) Circular muscles contract behind the bolus to close the sphincters while longitudinal muscles contract ahead of the bolus to open the sphincters. Circular muscles contract behind the bolus to open the sphincters while longitudinal muscles contract ahead of the bolus to close the sphincters. Circular muscles contract behind the bolus to push the bolus forward while longitudinal muscles contract ahead of the bolus to shorten that segment of the digestive tract. Circular muscles contract behind the bolus to shorten that segment of the digestive tract while longitudinal muscles contract ahead of the bolus to push the bolus forward. Circular muscles contract behind the bolus to mix the contents while longitudinal muscles contract ahead of the bolus to activate stretch receptors in the wall of the digestive tract.

Circular muscles contract behind the bolus to push the bolus forward while longitudinal muscles contract ahead of the bolus to shorten that segment of the digestive tract

________ are blade-shaped teeth that function in cutting or clipping. Cuspids Premolars Canines Incisors Molars

Incisors

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding salivary glands? Parotid glands are located between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches. Parotid glands secrete salivary amylase. Sublingual glands secrete mucus along either side of the lingual frenulum. The submandibular glands produce the majority of saliva.

Parotid glands are located between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches

Which of the following statements is not true of swallowing? Secondary peristaltic waves are needed if the bolus is dry. Breathing stops during the pharyngeal phase. The lower esophageal sphincter relaxes to allow the bolus to enter the stomach. The buccal phase is a voluntary phase. Primary peristaltic waves are controlled by the facial nerves.

Primary peristaltic waves are controlled by the facial nerves

Which of the following hypotheses would address the question of why salivary amylase and lingual lipase do not work in the stomach? Salivary amylase and lingual lipase are synthesized by the submandibular salivary glands and therefore do not work outside of the oral cavity. Salivary amylase and lingual lipase do not work below a pH of 4.5. The gastric lining is permeable to water. Therefore the water-soluble enzymes diffuse out of the stomach following the concentration gradient. The epithelial cells of the stomach secrete an acidic mucus that breaks the enzymes down.

Salivary amylase and lingual lipase do not work below a pH of 4.5

Which of these statements about the histology of the esophagus is FALSE? The epithelial lining is stratified squamous. Muscularis externa contains skeletal muscle fibers in the upper esophagus. The epithelial lining is simple columnar. The outermost covering is adventitia.

The epithelial lining is simple columnar

Mechanical digestion begins in the oral cavity; enzymatic digestion doesn't begin until food enters the stomach. Are these two statements true or false? Both statements are true. Both statements are false. The first is true; the second is false. The first is false; the second is true.

The first is true; the second is false

The lining of the cheeks is __________. a stratified squamous epithelium supported by fat pads and the buccinator muscles called the oral mucosa The lining of the cheeks has all of these properties

The lining of the cheeks has all of these properties

An ulcerated stomach lining often repairs itself once the source of inflammation has been eliminated. How is this possible? The tissue lining the stomach is an epithelium and thus is capable of repair and renewal. The parasympathetic innervation of the stomach wall stimulates constant repair and renewal. The mucosa consists of a particularly vascular epithelium that facilitates efficient repair and renewal. All of the listed responses are correct.

The tissue lining the stomach is an epithelium and thus is capable of repair and renewal

________ pair(s) of salivary glands secrete into the oral cavity. Three Two One Four Six to Ten

Three

The greater omentum is the entrance to the stomach. attached to the stomach at the lesser curvature. a sheet of mesentery that attaches to the liver. important in the digestion of fats. a fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera.

a fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera

The mesocolon is a ligament that suspends the liver from the diaphragm. a thick mesenteric sheet associated with the small intestines. a mesentery associated with a portion of the large intestine. a serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity. a section of the large intestines between the sigmoid colon and the rectum.

a mesentery associated with a portion of the large intestine

The movement of nutrients from the digestive tract lumen across the epithelium is called secretion. chemical digestion. reabsorption. absorption. ingestion.

absorption

The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following except digestion of carbohydrates. mechanical processing of food. sensory analysis of material before swallowing. lubrication.absorption of monosaccharides.

absorption of monosaccharides

Hillary could not suckle milk properly due to the inability to protrude her tongue. The physician diagnosed her with glossopharyngitis. diverticulitis. mumps. gastritis. ankyloglossia.

ankyloglossia

The location of the palatine tonsil in the oral cavity is between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches. under the tongue on both sides. posterior to the raphe. inferior to the lingual frenulum. superior to the uvula.

between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches

Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract except the pharynx. esophagus. bladder. colon. stomach.

bladder

During deglutition, which of the following phases is first? pharyngeal gastric enteric esophageal buccal

buccal

The oral cavity is also known as the ________ cavity. buccal digestive pharyngeal lingual gingivae

buccal

The root of a tooth is covered by enamel. cement. dentin. pulp. the root canal.

cement

The first teeth to appear are the ________ teeth. transitory provisional deciduous transitional temporary

deciduous

A disease that attacks and disables the myenteric plexus would decrease intestinal motility. increase intestinal motility. decrease gastric secretion. increase gastric secretion. interfere with both intestinal motility and gastric secretion.

decrease intestinal motility

Which of these effects on digestion is NOT produced by the parasympathetic nervous system? increased peristalsis increased mucus secretion increased production of saliva decreased acid secretion

decreased acid secretion

Which of the following functions occurs in the part of the digestive system indicated by the arrow? (Points at large intestine) secretion of bile and storage of nutrients secretion of buffers and digestive enzymes dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials acid breakdown of swallowed foods

dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials

The bulk of each tooth consists of a mineralized matrix similar to that of bone called enamel. cement. dentin. pulp. periodontium.

dentin

Within the oral cavity, both mechanical and chemical ________ begin. deglutition mastication digestion ingestion secretions

digestion

Which of the processes below occurs during the buccal phase of deglutition? elevation of the uvula and soft palate to block passage into the nasopharynx. passing of bolus through the palatopharyngeal arch. folding of the epiglottis to cover the glottis. opening of the upper esophageal sphincter.

elevation of the uvula and soft palate to block passage into the nasopharynx

The crown of a tooth is covered by enamel. cement. dentin. pulp. periodontium.

enamel

Hormones are released from the mucosa layer by these cells? Kupffer cells serous cells enteroendocrine cells Paneth cells mucus cells

enteroendocrine cells

All of the following contain mucous cells in the epithelium except the large intestine. stomach. transverse colon. small intestine. esophagus.

esophagus

The process of defecation eliminates ascites. chyme. bile. a bolus. feces.

feces

A blockage of the ducts from the parotid glands would interfere with carbohydrate digestion in the mouth. cause mumps. prevent emulsification of lipids. inhibit the secretion of saliva from other glands. occur when too much protein is ingested.

interfere with carbohydrate digestion in the mouth

A physician palpates the painfully swollen salivary glands just anterior to a young boy's ears and confirms that the mumps vaccine must not have been effective. What is the name of the infected salivary glands? pharyngeal salivary glands parotid salivary glands sublingual salivary glands submandibular salivary glands

parotid salivary glands

Functions of the tongue include all of the following except partitioning the oropharynx from the nasopharynx. aiding in speech. manipulation of food. mechanical processing of food. sensory analysis of food.

partitioning the oropharynx from the nasopharynx

Each tooth is held in the alveolar socket by the alveolar tendon. periodontal ligament. apical foramen. cement. roots.

periodontal ligament

Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called churning movements. mastication. segmentation. peristalsis. pendular movements.

peristalsis

Which muscle(s) are responsible for pushing the bolus towards the esophagus? palatal muscles pharyngeal constrictors stylopharyngeus palatopharyngeus

pharyngeal constrictors

The uvula is located at the base of a tooth. margin of the oropharynx and the laryngopharynx. posterior margin of the soft palate. margin of the vestibule. posterior of the tongue.

posterior margin of the soft palate