Chapter 25 Test

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8) The function of the citric acid cycle is to A) remove hydrogen atoms from organic molecules and transfer them to coenzymes. B) transfer the acetyl group. C) hydrolyze glucose. D) produce carbon dioxide. E) produce water.

A) remove hydrogen atoms from organic molecules and transfer them to coenzymes.

72) The major cation in extracellular fluid is A) sodium. B) potassium. C) calcium. D) magnesium. E) iron.

A) sodium.

60) During the absorptive state, A) the liver forms glycogen. B) adipocytes release fatty acids to the circulation. C) skeletal muscle breaks down glycogen. D) insulin levels are low. E) skeletal muscle fibers release glucose.

A) the liver forms glycogen.

92) Impaired fat absorption in the intestine would interfere with the absorption of A) vitamin A. B) vitamin B12. C) vitamin C. D) niacin. E) riboflavin.

A) vitamin A.

10) All of the following are true of the kidneys, except that they are A) located in a position that is retroperitoneal. B) surrounded by a fibrous capsule. C) located partly within the pelvic cavity. D) held in place by the renal fascia. E) covered by peritoneum.

C) located partly within the pelvic cavity.

60) The process of filtration is driven by A) active transport. B) blood osmotic pressure. C) blood hydrostatic pressure. D) renal pumping. E) solvent drag.

C) blood hydrostatic pressure.

55) Which of these components of the nephron is largely confined to the renal medulla? A) glomerular (Bowman's) capsule B) distal convoluted tubule C) collecting ducts D) proximal convoluted tubule E) glomerulus

C) collecting ducts

20) Which of the following descriptions best matches the term calyx? A) releases renin B) creates high interstitial NaCl concentration C) final urine enters here D) initial filtrate enters here E) tip of the medullary pyramid

C) final urine enters here

115) A transport mechanism that can move a substance against a concentration gradient by using cellular energy is ________.

active transport

120) A ________ contains all of the essential amino acids.

complete protein

105) Urine is carried from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body by the ________.

urethra

95) Where does secretion mostly occur? A) 5 B) 1 C) 3 D) 4 E) 2

A) 5

100) All of the following occur when the temperature of the preoptic area of the hypothalamus drops below its thermostat setting, except that A) blood flow to the skin increases. B) shivering thermogenesis occurs. C) nonshivering thermogenesis occurs. D) epinephrine levels rise. E) blood returning from limbs is shunted to deep veins.

A) blood flow to the skin increases.

1) The urinary system does all of the following, except that it A) excretes excess albumen molecules. B) regulates blood volume. C) contributes to stabilizing blood pH. D) eliminates organic waste products. E) regulates plasma concentrations of electrolytes.

A) excretes excess albumen molecules.

40) The essential fatty acids are A) linoleic acid and linolenic acid. B) leucine and lysine. C) cholesterol and glycerol. D) HDLs and LDLs. E) glycerol and pyruvic acid.

A) linoleic acid and linolenic acid.

64) When the body is relying on internal energy reserves to continue meeting its energy demands, it is in the A) postabsorptive state. B) absorptive state. C) starvation state. D) deprivation state. E) preabsorptive state.

A) postabsorptive state.

15) Triangular or conical structures located in the renal medulla are called A) pyramids. B) renal columns. C) renal pelvises. D) nephrons. E) calyces.

A) pyramids.

88) A vitamin obtained from meat that is a coenzyme in amino acid and lipid metabolism is A) pyridoxine (B6). B) pantothenic acid. C) riboflavin. D) folic acid (folate). E) niacin.

A) pyridoxine (B6).

The proper order in which blood passes through these vessels is A) 4, 6, 2, 3, 1, 5, 7, 8. B) 4, 3, 2, 6, 1, 5, 7, 8. C) 4, 3, 2, 6, 7, 5, 1, 8. D) 4, 6, 2, 3, 7, 5, 1, 8. E) 4, 3, 6, 2, 1, 5, 7, 8.

B) 4, 3, 2, 6, 1, 5, 7, 8.

32) Most of the ATP from metabolism is produced in the A) citric acid cycle. B) Electron Transport System. C) cytosol. D) mitochondrial matrix. E) glycolysis.

B) Electron Transport System.

80) The trace element needed for hemoglobin synthesis is A) zinc. B) copper. C) cobalt. D) iodine. E) silicon.

B) copper.

56) For adults there are ________ essential amino acids. A) 2 B) 6 C) 8 D) 10 E) 20

C) 8

96) A T4 assay is used to A) determine the number of calories in food. B) directly measure the basal metabolic rate. C) obtain an index of metabolic activity. D) monitor the energy efficiency of metabolism. E) determine the amount of oxygen consumed during metabolism.

C) obtain an index of metabolic activity.

12) The ________ of the mitochondrion contains large-diameter pores that are permeable to ions and small organic molecules such as pyruvic acid. A) inner membrane B) plasma membrane C) outer membrane D) matrix E) cristae

C) outer membrane

76) An ion that is a necessary component of high-energy compounds and nucleic acids and a structural component of bone is the ________ ion. A) chloride B) sulfate C) phosphate D) bicarbonate E) iodide

C) phosphate

52) Removal of the amino group from amino acids in the first step of their catabolism requires a coenzyme derived from vitamin ________. A) A B) C C) B12 D) B6 E) B9

D) B6

30) Renal columns are A) internal cavities lined by the fibrous capsule. B) expanded ends of the ureters. C) the basic functional units of the kidney. D) bundles of tissue that extend between pyramids from the cortex. E) conical structures that are located in the renal medulla.

D) bundles of tissue that extend between pyramids from the cortex.

36) What is the molecule labeled "2"? A) hydrogen atoms B) citric acid C) NADH D) carbon dioxide E) FADH2

D) carbon dioxide

90) What physiological process occurs at the structure labeled "1"? A) reabsorption B) excretion C) secretion D) filtration E) micturition

D) filtration

35) The cells of the macula densa and the juxtaglomerular cells form the A) renal corpuscle. B) filtration membrane. C) nephron loop (loop of Henle). D) juxtaglomerular complex. E) afferent arteriole.

D) juxtaglomerular complex

24) The citric acid cycle occurs in the A) cytosol. B) golgi apparatus. C) mitochondrial cristae. D) mitochondrial matrix. E) ribosome.

D) mitochondrial matrix.

44) Lipids A) deliver somewhat less energy than an equivalent mass of glucose. B) are difficult to store since they are not water soluble. C) yield quick bursts of energy. D) provide energy for cells with modest energy demands. E) are the primary nutrient metabolized in cells.

D) provide energy for cells with modest energy demands.

100) An inability of the kidneys to excrete adequately to maintain homeostasis is A) glomerulonephritis. B) polycystic kidney disease. C) calculi. D) renal failure. E) hematuria.

D) renal failure.

50) Identify the structure labeled "9." A) renal sinus B) fibrous capsule C) renal pyramid D) renal papilla E) renal column

D) renal papilla

20) The major steps in oxidative phosphorylation include all of the following, except A) removal of hydrogen atoms from a substrate molecule by coenzymes. B) ionization of hydrogen atoms. C) increasing the energy level of electrons passing through the electron transport chain. D) the breaking of carbon-carbon covalent bonds. E) the acceptance of electrons by oxygen atoms.

D) the breaking of carbon-carbon covalent bonds.

28) If 8 molecules of NADH from the citric acid cycle entered the ETS, how much ATP would be produced? A) 36 ATP B) 32 ATP C) 3 ATP D) 8 ATP E) 24 ATP

E) 24 ATP

16) In the electron transport chain A) NADH and FADH2 donate hydrogen atoms. B) reduced molecules transfer energy to ATP formation. C) oxidative phosphorylation leads to ATP formation. D) generates a concentration gradient by pumping hydrogen ions. E) All of the answers are correct.