Chapter 26: Renal Function

Serious renal impairment generally does not occur until ____ of the total nephrons have been damaged

80%

The glucose transporter in the proximal tubule

may be saturated at high filtered glucose loads * leads to glycosuria

Serum Cr may be increased by

muscle breakdown *Cr is an end product of muscle metabolism

It is true that glucose reabsorption in the tubules

occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule

[sata] Hormone that increase Na+ reabsorption from the tubular fluid include

aldosterone and ADH

[sata] The BUN level is affected by

protein intake, fluid intake, catabolism, renal function

An important sign of glomerular basement membrane dysfunction is

proteinuria

Approximately two-thirds of the water and electrolytes filtered by the kidney are reabsorbed by the

proximal tubule

Factors that increase the GFR include

fluid volume excess

The primary selectivity barrier for glomerular filtration is the

glomerular basement membrane *prevents plasma proteins, RBCs, and WBCs, and platelets from passing through glomerulus

The primary function of the vasa recta is to

reabsorb interstitial fluid

The main driving force for glomerular filtration is

hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries

Renin is released from

juxtaglomerular cells

Excess K+ is excreted from the body by the renal system primarily via

secretion based on aldosterone levels

GFR is most accurately reflected in the

serum Cr level

Which finding on UA should prompt further evaluation?

WBC 20 per high-power field *indicates UTI

The underlying mechanism which directly results in glycosuria is

exceeding the threshold for glucose reabsorption