Chapter 26- Urinary System

In the nephron loop

A histological examination of the nephron would reveal simple squamous tissue _______.

afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole

Blood arrives at the corpuscle via the _________ and leaves by way of the _____________.

much higher

Compared to the pressure of the capillary networks, the glomerular hydrostatic pressure is _________

85%

Cortical nephrons account for about ________ percent of all nephrons.

Afferent arterioles; glomeruli

Cortical radiate arteries brand to form ______, which enter _________.

exchange occurring between fluids moving in opposite directions

Countercurrent refers to the _______.

1.25

Each kidney has _______ nephrons

Chloride ions

Each of the following substances is secreted by the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) EXCEPT:

The difference between the net hydrostatic pressure and the blood colloid osmotic pressure

Net filtration pressure can be measure as ______.

Steps involved in urine formation

Pct activity removes..., permeability to water in DCT...., water enters peritubular space from pct...., tubular fluid becomes increasing concentrated...., salts leave the ascending loop...., renal corpuslce collect filtrate

FALSE

Proteins are a normal component of filtrate and urine

All of the above are correct

Reabsorption and secretion at the kidneys involve _______

All of the listed are correct

Reabsorption and secretion at the kidneys involve _______.

Cotransport

What is the term for the type of transport where two substrates cross the membrane while bound to a carrier protein, with at least one following its concentration gradient?

Ureter

What is the urinary structure that carries urine fro the kidney to the urinary bladder?

cotransport

When the concentration of glucose and amino acids is relatively low in the filtrate, they are reabsorbed by ___________.

Kidney

Which Organ in the Urinary System produces urine?

All of the above are correct

Which of the following are functions of the urinary system

Nephron Loop

Which of the following area of the nephron would countercurrent multiplication occur?

Renal Artery

Which of the following brings oxygenated blood into the kidney?

The micturition reflex is controlled by neurons in the lumbar .....

Which of the following concerning micturition reflex is FALSE?

Nephrons become more sensitive to ADH

Which of the following conditions does NOT occur as the urinary system ages?

diabetes insipidus

Which of the following disorders describes the production of very dilute urine as a result of the lack of ADH production?

A given carrier protein normally works equally well transporting in both directions.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of carrier-mediated transport?

Adaptive immunity

Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system?

Glucose

Which of the following is NOT a wast product normally found in urine?

Increase in GFR

Which of the following is NOT an effect of advanced age on the urinary system?

increased sensitivity to ADH

Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the urinary system?

Osmosis

Which of the following is NOT an example of carrier-mediated transport?

glucose

Which of the following is NOT in normal urine?

Renal Fascia

Which of the following is a dense fibrous layer that anchors the kidney to surrounding structures?

Glomerular Hydrostatic Pressure

Which of the following is the term for the blood pressure in the capillaries of the renal corpuscle?

Nephron Loop

Which of the following parts of the nephron has two limbs with thick segments and thin segments?

It is the site of the adrenal glands

Which of the following statements about the Hium of the kidney is FALSE?

Constriction of the afferent arteriole increases GFR

Which of the following statements about the regulation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is FALSE?

Sodium and chloride are pumped out of the thin descending limb ...

Which of the following statements concerning the nephron loop and its function is FALSE?

Active secretion occurs primarily in the collecting duct

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Urinary Bladder

Which organ in the urinary system temporarily stores Urine?

PCT

Which portion of the nephron contains cuboidal cells covered with microvilli?

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

Which portion of the nephron reabsorbs most of the important nutrients, such as ...

10 mm hg

the net filtration pressure in a typical glomerulus averages about

much higher than

.... the blood pressure in the efferent arteriole is _______ that of the pressure in the afferent arteriole.

more concentrated

After passage through the descending limb of the loop of henle, the filtrate is _____________.

more concentrated

After passage through the nephron loop, the filtrate is ___________.

regulates potassium and sodium exchange

Aldosterone ________ in the proximal convoluted tubule.

regulates potassium and sodium exchange

Aldosterone _________ in the proximal convoluted tubule.

urine formation definitions

Glomerular hydrostatic pressure: blood pressure in the glomerular capsule; Filtration presser: The difference between the hydrostatic pressure and the colloid pressure....; Blood colloid osmotic pressure: Osmotic pressure resulting from .....; Glomerular filtration rate: amount of filtration produced by the kidneys each minute: Net hydrostatic pressure: the difference between the pressure pushing water and solutes out of the blood stream......; Capsular hydrostatic pressure: Force of the fluid in the glomerular capsule....

active transport

In the PCT, sodium, potassium, and sulfate are moved by ______.

Renal Corpuscle

In what part of the kidney are the renal pyramids located?

Renal medulla

In what part of the kidney are the renal pyramids located?

Filtration

In which of the basic processes involved in urine formation does blood pressure force water and solutes across the wall of the glomerular capillaries?

Proximal Convoluted tubule

In which of the following areas of the nephron are most nutrients reabsorbed?

Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct

In which of the following parts of the nephron does aldosterone control the absorption of sodium ions?

cortex

In which region of the kidney would you find the renal corpuscles?

renal column

In which region would your find interlobar arteries?

Produce concentrated urine

Juxtaglomerular nephrons

interlobar, arcuate

Segmental arteries, divide into ______ arteries, which in turn supply blood to the ________ arteries.

Nephrons

Urine production begins in the ________.

All of the listed are correct

The Kidneys are ______.

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

The amount of filtrate the kidneys produce each minute is the ______.

Trigone

The area i the urinary bladder that is bound by the opening of the ureters and the entrance to the urethra is the _______.

vasa recta

The capillaries surrounding the loop of henle are called ______.

the vasa recta

The capillaries surrounding the nephron loop are called ________.

glomerulus

The capillary network found inside the renal corpuscle is called the _______.

Transport fluid to the renal pelvis and adjusts the concentration and composition of urine

The collecting system

net filtration pressure

The difference between the net hydrostatic pressure and the net colloid osmotic pressure is the ______.

A layer of collagen fibers that covers the outer surface.....

The fibrous capsule is

in the opposite direction of

The fluid in the ascending limb of the nephron loop moves _____ the fluid in the descending limb

Regulating body temperature

The function of the urinary system include all of the following EXCEPT:

All of the listed are correct

The functions of the urinary system include which of the following?

fenestrated

The glomerular capillaries are ________________.

medulla

The inner layer of the kidney is the _____.

medulla

The inner layer of the kidney is the __________.

secretes erythropoietin and renin

The juxtaglomerular apparatus

All of the above are correct

The kidneys are supported by the _________

transitional epithelium

The mucosa of the urinary bladder consist of _______________.

transitional epithelium

The mucosa of the urinary bladder consists of __________.

glomerulus and glomerular capsule

The renal corpsuscle consists of the ________.

projects into the renal sinus

The renal papilla _______

Projects into the renal sinus

The renal papilla __________.

All of the listed are correct

The segments of the nephron distal to the renal corpuscle are responsible for _______.

It causes a decrease in the GFR because of the constriction of the afferent arteriole

The sympathetic division of the nervous system has which of the following effects on the kidney?

two

There are ______ major types of nephrons

Cortical radiate arteries

To which vessels does blood flow immediately after it passes through the arcuate arteries?