Chapter 27
A client with known coronary artery disease reports intermittent chest pain, usually on exertion. When teaching the client about nitroglycerin administration, which instruction should the nurse provide?
"Be sure to take safety precautions because nitroglycerin may cause dizziness when you stand up."
A client, who has undergone a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), has received discharge instructions. Which statement by the client would indicate the need for further teaching by the nurse?
"I should expect a low-grade fever and swelling at the site for the next week."
A client is ordered a nitroglycerine transdermal patch for treatment of CAD and asks the nurse why the patch is removed at bedtime. Which is the best response by the nurse?
"Removing the patch at night prevents drug tolerance while keeping the benefits."
A client is receiving intravenous heparin to prevent blood clots. The order is for heparin 1,200 units per hour. The pharmacy sends 25,000 units of heparin in 500 mL of D5W. At how many milliliters per hour will the nurse infuse this solution? Record your answer using a whole number.
24
A client asks the nurse how long to wait after taking nitroglycerin before experiencing pain relief. What is the best answer by the nurse?
5 minutes
To be effective, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) must be performed within what time frame, beginning with arrival at the emergency department after diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI)?
60 minutes
The charge nurse was discussing with the nursing student that studies have been published that suggest inflammation increases the risk of heart disease. Which modifiable factor would the nursing student target in teaching clients about prevention of inflammation that can lead to atherosclerosis?
Addressing obesity
A nurse is reevaluating a client receiving IV fibrinolytic therapy. Which finding requires immediate intervention by the nurse?
Altered level of consciousness
Which term refers to chest pain brought on by physical or emotional stress and relieved by rest or medication?
Angina pectoris
A client reports chest pain and heavy breathing when exercising or when stressed. Which is a priority nursing intervention for the client diagnosed with coronary artery disease?
Assess chest pain and administer prescribed drugs and oxygen
An older adult is postoperative day one, following a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). The client's family members express concern to the nurse that the client is uncharacteristically confused. After reporting this change in status to the health care provider, what additional action should the nurse take?
Assess for factors that may be causing the client's delirium.
A nurse is caring for a client who is exhibiting signs and symptoms characteristic of a myocardial infarction (MI). Which statement describes priorities the nurse should establish while performing the physical assessment?
Assess the client's level of pain and administer prescribed analgesics.
The nurse administers propranolol hydrochloride to a patient with a heart rate of 64 beats per minute (bpm). One hour later, the nurse observes the heart rate on the monitor to be 36 bpm. What medication should the nurse prepare to administer that is an antidote for the propranolol?
Atropine
The nurse is providing education about the nutrient content of the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) diet to a community group. What information will the nurse provide? Select all that apply.
Carbohydrates should make up 50% to 60% of the total calories. Dietary fiber should be 20 to 30 grams per day. Protein should make up approximately 15% of total calories.
A nurse is caring for a client in the cardiovascular intensive care unit following a coronary artery bypass graft. Which clinical finding requires immediate intervention by the nurse?
Central venous pressure reading of 1
Which medication is given to clients who are diagnosed with angina but are allergic to aspirin?
Clopidogrel
A client comes to the emergency department (ED) complaining of precordial chest pain. In describing the pain, the client describes it as pressure with a sudden onset. What disease process would the nurse suspect in this client?
Coronary artery disease
The nurse is to administer morphine sulfate to a client with chest pain. What initial nursing action is required prior to administration?
Count the respiratory rate for bradypnea.
Which of the following is inconsistent as a condition related to metabolic syndrome?
Hypotension
The nurse notes that the post cardiac surgery client demonstrates low urine output (< 25 mL/hr) with high specific gravity (> 1.025). What will the nurse anticipate the health care provider will order?
Increase intravenous fluids
A nurse is teaching a client who receives nitrates for the relief of chest pain. Which instruction should the nurse emphasize?
Lie down or sit in a chair for 5 to 10 minutes after taking the drug.
Which technique is used to surgically revascularize the myocardium?
Minimally invasive direct coronary bypass
Which discharge instruction for self-care should the nurse provide to a client who has undergone a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) procedure?
Monitor the site for bleeding or hematoma.
Severe chest pain is reported by a client during an acute myocardial infarction. Which of the following is the most appropriate drug for the nurse to administer?
Morphine sulfate (Morphine)
A nurse is educating a community group about coronary artery disease. One member asks about how to avoid coronary artery disease. Which of the following items are considered modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease? Choose all that apply.
Obesity Hyperlipidemia Tobacco use
Which medication is an antidote to heparin?
Protamine sulfate
The nurse is caring for a client presenting to the emergency department (ED) reporting chest pain. Which electrocardiographic (ECG) finding would be most concerning to the nurse?
ST elevation
When a client who has been diagnosed with angina pectoris reports experiencing chest pain more frequently, even at rest, that the period of pain is longer, and that it takes less stress for the pain to occur, the nurse recognizes that the client is describing which type of angina?
Unstable
The nurse knows that women and the elderly are at greater risk for a fatal myocardial event. Which factor is the primary contributor of this cause?
Vague symptoms
Which nursing actions would be of greatest importance in the management of a client preparing for angioplasty?
Withhold anticoagulant therapy.
A client is admitted to the emergency department with chest pain and doesn't respond to nitroglycerin. The health care team obtains an electrocardiogram and administers I.V. morphine. The health care provider also considers administering alteplase. This thrombolytic agent must be administered how soon after onset of myocardial infarction (MI) symptoms?
Within 6 hours
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD). What condition most commonly results in CAD?
atherosclerosis
A client with CAD thinks diltiazem (Cardizem) has been causing nausea. Diltiazem (Cardizem) is categorized as which type of drug?
calcium-channel blocker
A client's lipid profile reveals an LDL level of 122 mg/dL. This is considered a:
high LDL level.
The nurse is assessing a client with suspected post-pericardiotomy syndrome after cardiac surgery. What manifestation will alert the nurse to this syndrome?
pericardial friction rub
The nurse is caring for a client after cardiac surgery. What is the most immediate concern for the nurse?
potassium level of 6 mEq/L
The client is prescribed nadolol for hypertension. What is the reason the nurse will teach the client not to stop taking the medication abruptly?
The abrupt stop can cause a myocardial infarction.
The nurse is caring for a client experiencing an acute MI (STEMI). The nurse anticipates the physician will prescribe alteplase. Before administering this medication, which question is most important for the nurse to ask the client?
"What time did your chest pain start today?"
The nurse is reviewing the results of a total cholesterol level for a client who has been taking simvastatin. What results display the effectiveness of the medication?
160-190 mg/dL
Which is a diagnostic marker for inflammation of vascular endothelium?
C-reactive protein (CRP)
A client had a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). What medication will the nurse administer to prevent thrombus formation in the stent?
Clopidogrel
When the postcardiac surgery client demonstrates restlessness, nausea, weakness, and peaked T waves, the nurse reviews the client's serum electrolytes, anticipating which abnormality?
Hyperkalemia
A nurse is evaluating a client who had a myocardial infarction (MI) 7 days earlier. Which outcome indicates that the client is responding favorably to therapy?
The client demonstrates ability to tolerate more activity without chest pain.
In the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD), medications are often ordered to control blood pressure in the client. Which of the following is a primary purpose of using beta-adrenergic blockers in the nursing management of CAD?
To decrease workload of the heart
The client has had biomarkers tested after reporting chest pain. Which diagnostic marker of myocardial infarction remains elevated for as long as 2 weeks?
Troponin
A client with a family history of coronary artery disease reports experiencing chest pain and palpitations during and after morning jogs. What would reduce the client's cardiac risk?
smoking cessation
A client is receiving anticoagulant therapy. What question will the nurse ask the client to detect any signs of bleeding?
"What color is your urine?"
A nurse is caring for a client who experienced an MI. The client is ordered to received metoprolol. The nurse understands that this medication has which therapeutic effect?
Decreases resting heart rate
The nurse is administering a calcium channel blocker to a patient who has symptomatic sinus tachycardia at a rate of 132 bpm. What is the anticipated action of the drug for this patient?
Decreases the sinoatrial node automaticity
The nurse is discussing risk factors for developing CAD with a patient in the clinic. Which results would indicate that the patient is not at significant risk for the development of CAD?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL), 80 mg/dL
A patient with coronary artery disease (CAD) is having a cardiac catheterization. What indicator is present for the patient to have a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)?
The patient has at least a 70% occlusion of a major coronary artery.
The nurse is explaining the cause of angina pain to a client. What will the nurse say most directly caused the pain?
a lack of oxygen in the heart muscle cells
The nurse is caring for a client after cardiac surgery. What laboratory result will lead the nurse to suspect possible renal failure?
a serum BUN of 70 mg/dL
The laboratory values for a client diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD) have just come back from the lab. The client's low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level is 112 mg/dL. The nurse recognizes that this value is
above the optimal range.
A client returns for a follow-up visit to the cardiologist 4 days after a trip to the ED for sudden shortness of breath and abdominal pain. The nurse realizes the client had a myocardial infarction because the results from the blood work drawn in the hospital shows:
elevated troponin levels.
The nurse is caring for a client with coronary artery disease. What is the nurse's priority goal for the client?
enhance myocardial oxygenation
When assessing a client who reports recent chest pain, the nurse obtains a thorough history. Which client statement most strongly suggests angina pectoris?
"The pain occurred while I was mowing the lawn."
A client comes to the emergency department reporting chest pain. An electrocardiogram (ECG) reveals myocardial ischemia and an anterior-wall myocardial infarction (MI). Which ECG characteristic does the nurse expect to see?
Elevated ST segment
The nurse is administering oral metoprolol. Where are the receptor sites mainly located?
Heart
A new surgical patient who has undergone a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is receiving opioids for pain control. The nurse must be alert to adverse effects of opioids. Which of the following effects would be important for the nurse to document?
Hypotension
A client diagnosed with a myocardial infarction (MI) has begun an active rehabilitation program. The nurse recognizes which overall goal as a focus of rehabilitation for a client who has had an MI?
Improved quality of life
A client presents to the ED reporting anxiety and chest pain after shoveling heavy snow that morning. The client says that nitroglycerin has not been taken for months but upon experiencing this chest pain did take three nitroglycerin tablets. Although the pain has lessened, the client states, "They did not work all that well." The client shows the nurse the nitroglycerin bottle; the prescription was filled 12 months ago. The nurse anticipates which order by the physician?
Nitroglycerin SL
A client has had oral anticoagulation ordered. What should the nurse monitor for when the client is taking oral anticoagulation?
Prothrombin time (PT) or international normalized ratio (INR)
The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a client diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD). The client's low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level is 115 mg/dL. The nurse interprets this value as
high.