Chapter 27

Gulf War 1991

- Saddam Hussein's invasion of Kuwait despite peace treaty and refusal to abandon Iraqi occupation - Military action in 1991 in which an international coalition led by the United States drove Iraq from Kuwait, which it had occupied the previous year.

Bill Clinton defeats Bush in presidential election

1992

Who won the popular vote in the presidential election of 2000?

Al Gore

North American Free Trade Agreement

Approved in 1993, the North American Free Trade Agreement with Canada and Mexico allowed goods to travel across their borders free of tariffs; critics argued that American workers would lose their jobs to cheaper Mexican labor.

During the 1990s, religion in the United States lost much of its appeal, as a secular culture based on consumption and mass entertainment dominated American society.

False

Which was not true of Bill Clinton? -He had smoked marijuana. -He had married a feminist. -He supported gay rights. -He had served in Vietnam.

He had served in Vietnam.

In February 1991, the United States launched Operation Desert Storm as part of the Gulf War and quickly drove the Iraqi army from what country?

Kuwait

What third-party candidate received 19 percent of the popular vote in the 1992 presidential election, the best result for a third-party candidate since Theodore Roosevelt in 1912?

Ross Perot

Who won the Cold War?

United States and its allies

In 2000, the largest employer in America was

Wal-Mart.

Monica Lewinsky Scandal

a political sex scandal emerging from a sexual relationship between United States President Bill Clinton and a 22-year-old White House intern, Monica Lewinsky; eventually led to the impeachment of President Clinton in 1998 by the U.S. House of Representatives

In 1994, the Republican Party won control of both houses of Congress for the first time since the 1950s; they proclaimed their triumph the "Freedom Revolution," and Newt Gingrich, a conservative congressman from Georgia, masterminded their platform, which was called

"Contract with America."

A leading slogan of cultural conservatism in the 1990s was

"Family values."

California Proposition 187

(1994) Legislation that tried to bar illegal immigrants from going to public schools and gaining access to publicly funded healthcare. Passed by the voters but later ruled unconstitutional by a federal court ruling that said states can't make their own immigration laws.

multiculturalism

- A perspective recognizing the cultural diversity of the United States and promoting equal standing for all cultural traditions - The term for a new awareness of the diversity of American society, past and present, and for vocal demands that jobs, education, and politics reflect that diversity.

Americans with Disabilities Act

- In 1990, newly organized disabled Americans won passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act. This far-reaching measure prohibited discrimination in hiring and promotion against persons with disabilities and required that entrances to public buildings be redesigned so as to ensure access for the disabled.

Contract with America

- In the 1994 congressional elections, Congressman Newt Gingrich had Republican candidates sign a document in which they pledged their support for such things as a balanced budget amendment, term limits for members of Congress, and a middle-class tax cut. - Newt Gingrich's platform which promised to curtail the scope of government, cut back on taxes and economic and environmental regulations, overhaul the welfare system, and end affirmative action.

''ethnic cleansing''

- Process in which more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region - A terrible new term meaning the forcible expulsion from an area of a particular ethnic group.

Clinton impeachment

- Result of a political sex scandal emerging from a sexual relationship between United States President Bill Clinton and a 22-year-old White House intern, Monica Lewinsky. - In 1998, it became known that Clinton had carried on an affair with Monica Lewinsky, a White House intern. After a report was published, a vote was taken in December 1998 by the Republican-controlled House of Representatives voted to impeach Clinton for perjury and obstruction of justice.

During what years did the Berlin Wall, the most prominent symbol of the Cold War, divide East and West Berlin?

1961-1989

George Bush defeats Michael Dukakis in presidential election

1988

Brenda Patterson v. McLean Credit Union

1989

The collapse of communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe occurred during what years?

1989-1991

Collapse of Communist regimes across eastern Europe

1989-90

In what year did the Soviet Union cease to exist and, in its place, fifteen new independent nations arise?

1991

The longest uninterrupted period of economic expansion in the nation's history took place during what years?

1991-2000

Outbreak of Bosnian war, "ethnic cleansing"

1992

Clinton expands Earned Income Tax Credit

1993

Israeli-Palestinian Oslo agreement

1993

Failure of Clinton health reform proposal

1994

Clinton-Republican stand-off; government shutdown

1995

Oslo Accords (1993 & 1995)

1st: Israeli President, Yitzhak Rabin, and PLA's Yassir Arafat negotiated in secret with cooperation from President Bill Clinton, agreeing that Palestinians would end the Intifada, Israel would begin withdrawing from the West Bank and Gaza, and that the PLO would have limited powers of self-government in parts of the territories; issues of the right of return, Jerusalem, full Palestinian independence and Jewish settlements in the territories were left for later discussions 2nd: parties agreed to increase Palestinian self-rule and elections. - Agreements that seemed to set out a road to Mideast peace between Israel and Palestine, though neither side proved willing to fully implement them.

By the year 2000, what percentage of all marriages ended in divorce?

50 percent

Patterson v. McLean Credit Union

A decision wherein the Supreme Court barred a black employee who suffered racial harassment while working from suing for damages under the Civil Rights Act of 1866.

The Perot Candidacy

A third candidate in the 1992 election, the eccentric Texas billionaire Ross Perot, also entered the fray. He attacked George H.W. Bush and Bill Clinton as lacking the economic know-how to deal with the recession and the ever-increasing national debt. That millions of Americans considered Perot a credible candidate--at one point, polls showed him leading both Clinton and Bush--testified to widespread dissatisfaction with the major parties. Perot's support faded as election day approached, but he still received 19 percent of the popular vote, the best result for a third-party candidate since Theodore Roosevelt in 1912.

Telecommunications Act of 1996

Allows one company to own as many as eight radio stations in large markets (five in smaller ones) and as many as it wishes nationally

Oklahoma City bombing, 1995

Attack on the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in downtown Oklahoma City on April 19, 1995. It remained the most destructive act of terrorism committed in the United States until 9/11/01. Killed 168 people. Destroyed or damaged 324 buildings($652 million). The official investigation, known as "OKBOMB", was the largest criminal investigation case in American history. As a result of the bombing, the U.S. government passed the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996.

Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?

Clinton electoral victory over George Bush; defeat of Clinton health plan; passage of welfare reform; release of Starr report

Who was the African-American chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff who, in the early 1990s, argued that the United States should not commit its troops abroad without clear objectives and a timetable for withdrawal?

Colin Powell

"tough on crime" movement

During the 1960s, the nation's prison population had declined. But in the 1970s, with urban crime rates rising, politicians of both parties sought to convey the image of being tough on crime.

As president, Bill Clinton opposed his predecessor's passion for free trade, believing instead that regulatory tariffs would ensure higher standards of living for American workers.

False

During the economic upturn of the 1990s, the inequitable distribution of wealth in the United States dropped sharply, as the index of inequality registered a democratic leveling out of American incomes.

False

Following the Republican electoral sweep of 1994, President Clinton vowed to defend the heritage of New Deal liberalism.

False

In 1994, tribal massacres rocked Rwanda, in central Africa. Over 800,000 people were slaughtered and the United States sent in a massive military force in an effort to staunch the flow of blood.

False

In the 1990s, the vast majority of Latinos in America were poor, and the vast majority of Asian-Americans were affluent.

False

In the 2000 election, George W. Bush won the popular vote, but lost the electoral vote to Al Gore.

False

The Enron Corporation became famous in the 1990s for its leading part in the computer revolution, especially in software.

False

The United Nations endorsed the U.S. invasion of Panama but denounced Operation Desert Storm.

False

Defense of Marriage Act (1996)

Federal law defining marriage as man-woman & declaring that no state is forced to recognize same-sex marriage - Passed in 1996, barred gay couples from spousal benefits provided by federal law.

Which United States president first spoke of the coming of a "new world order"?

George H. W. Bush

The Christian Coalition was founded by evangelical minister

Pat Robertson.

Gulf War 1991; ouster of Iraq from Kuwait

Saddam Hussein's invasion of Kuwait despite peace treaty and refusal to abandon Iraqi occupation

What occurred in Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China in April 1989?

Tens of thousands of students, joined by workers, teachers, and some government officials, occupied the square and demanded greater democracy in China.

US Invasion of Panama (1989)

The United States Invasion of Panama, code-named Operation Just Cause, was the invasion of Panama by the United States in December 1989. It occurred during the administration of U.S. president George bush and ten years after the Torrijos-Carter Treaties were ratified to transfer control of the Panama Canal from the United States to Panama by the year 2000.

Balkan Crisis

The most complex foreign policy crisis of the Clinton years arose from the disintegration of Yugoslavia, a multi-ethnic state in southeastern Europe. Within a few years, the country's six provinces dissolved into five new states. Ethnic conflict plagued several of these new nations.

''new world order''

The sudden shift from a bipolar world to one of unquestioned American predominance promised to redefine the country's global role. President George H. W. Bush spoke of the coming of a "new world order."

Welfare Reform Act of 1996

This act established the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program in place of the Aid to Families with Dependent Children program and tightened Medicaid eligibility requirements. This greatly reduced the width of welfare, and imposed strict employment requirements on the states. - An example of a Republican policy embraced by Bill Clinton to neutralize Republican claims about Democrats.

Iraq Invades Kuwait 1990

To gain greater access to the Persian Gulf and oil

After recovering from the recession of 1990-1991, the United States economy continued to expand for the rest of the decade; the boom became the longest uninterrupted period of economic expansion in American history.

True

As late as 1940, a third of American households did not have running water.

True

At the beginning of the twenty-first century, more than 7 million American families lived in gated communities.

True

Between 1977 and 1999, the United States executed 598 people.

True

Between 2000 and 2002, the price of NASDAQ stocks fell by nearly 80 percent.

True

Bill Clinton was the first Democrat to win reelection to the presidency since Franklin D. Roosevelt.

True

By 2000, 23 states had passed laws establishing English as their official language.

True

By 2000, more than 10 percent of the American population was foreign born.

True

By 2000, more than 3 million Muslims resided in the United States.

True

By 2000, more than 400,000 Americans had died of HIV/AIDS.

True

By 2001, more than a third of African Americans lived in the suburbs.

True

By the early twenty-first century, more than one in four black men could expect to serve time in prison at some time during their lives.

True

During the 1990s presidents George Bush and Bill Clinton both asserted the view that America should embrace the mission of creating a single global free market as a path to greater worldwide freedom.

True

During the 1991 Gulf War, President George H. W. Bush's approval rating reached 89 percent, but the next year, he lost the presidential election.

True

In 1900, the average annual income of Americans was $3,000 in today's dollars.

True

In 1992, unemployment rose as family income stagnated.

True

In 1994, Californians approved Proposition 187, which denied illegal immigrants and their children access to welfare, education, and health services.

True

In 1996, President Clinton signed a Republican bill into law, abolishing the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program and replacing it with a system of grants of money to states, with strict limits on how long recipients could receive payments.

True

In 2000, more than half of the labor force in the United States worked for less than $14 an hour.

True

In his January 1996 State of the Union address, President Bill Clinton announced that "the era of big government is over," and, in effect, turned his back on the tradition of Democratic Party liberalism and embraced the antigovernment outlook associated with Republicans since the days of Barry Goldwater.

True

In the 1990s, blacks predominated among the growing ranks of incarcerated Americans.

True

In the early 1990s, in an effort to stop "ethnic cleansing," the United States and its NATO allies, after considerable indecision, launched airstrikes against Bosnian Serb forces.

True

In western Europe and Canada, governments provide universal medical coverage for all citizens, but in the United States there was—in the 1900s and early 2000s—no universal medical coverage.

True

President Bill Clinton was impeached but not convicted or removed from office.

True

The growth of public tolerance of homosexuality was among the most striking changes in American social attitudes in the last 20 years of the 20th century.

True

The impeachment of Clinton failed to win the support of most Americans.

True

The largest one-day drop in stock prices in history occurred on April 14, 2000.

True

The protesters assembled at the 1999 meeting of the World Trade Organization in Seattle represented a striking mix of industrial workers and environmentalists.

True

The stock market boom of the late 1990s was fueled in part by high-level corporate fraud.

True

Which of the following was not a significant aftereffect of the 1990s computer revolution? -a bridging of the gulf between affluent and poor -a broadening of America's cultural influence around the world -a widening of popular input into the public sphere -a marked increase in business efficiency

a bridging of the gulf between affluent and poor

Which of the following was not a major demographic trend in 1990s America? -a growth in the number of incarcerated Americans -a growing influx of immigrants from Asia and Latin America -a growing number of Americans designated ineligible to vote -a growing volume of emigration from the United States to Europe

a growing volume of emigration from the United States to Europe

Which of the following was not a key trend in world affairs during the 1990s? -the end of the Cold War -an easing of ethnic and religious tensions -a global expansion of the free market model -the advent of international bodies to monitor human rights

an easing of ethnic and religious tensions

The 1990s Christian Coalition became a major force in Republican Party politics and launched crusades against all of the following, except: -secularism in public schools. -abortion. -gay rights. -creationism.

creationism.

In the 1992 run for the presidency, Bill Clinton held all of the following views, except: -he promised to "end welfare as we know it." -he supported abortion rights. -he supported affirmative action for racial minorities. -he pledged to fulfill the unfulfilled promise of Johnson's Great Society.

he pledged to fulfill the unfulfilled promise of Johnson's Great Society.

Which of the following was not a key element of the Republican "Contract with America"? -sharper restrictions on the sale of handguns -less government regulation -lower taxes -abolition of affirmative action

sharper restrictions on the sale of handguns

Pat Buchanan delivered a speech at the 1992 Republican national convention that declared cultural war against all the following, except: -gays. -feminists. -supporters of abortion rights. -the Christian Right.

the Christian Right.

In line with their 1994 platform, Republicans in the United States House of Representatives moved swiftly to approve deep cuts in all of the following, except: -Medicare. -environmental programs. -the military. -education.

the military.

Which of the following was not a policy adopted by the federal government during the Clinton years? -repeal of the federal welfare entitlement -international free trade agreements -federal deficit reduction -universal health care

universal health care

Dissolution of the Soviet Union

weakening of the Soviet government led to a series of events, gradual process that took place from about 19 January 1990 to 31 December 1991