Chapter 27 review questions

Which of the following are fetal rhabdomyomas associated with? A. Tracheoesophageal fistulas B. Tuberous sclerosis C. Eventration of the diaphragm D. Tuberculosis

Tuberous sclerosis

The most common form of diaphragmatic hernia is the: A. Foramen of Morgagni B. Foramen of Magendie C. Foramen of Luschka D. Foramen of Bochdalek

Foramen of Bochdalek

The embryonic heart begins as: A. Two tubes B. Four tubes C. Eight folds D. One tube

Two tubes

The normal heart will fill approximately of the fetal chest. A. one half B. one-fourth C. one-fifth D. one-third

one-third

The fetal heart is fully formed by: A. 2 weeks B. 4 weeks C. 8 weeks D. 10 weeks

10 weeks

The condition in which the heart is located outside the chest wall is termed: A. CAM B. Coarctation of the heart C. Cardiac sequestration D. Ectopic cordis

Ectopic cordis

The accumulation of fluid around the lungs is termed: A. Ascites B. Extracorporeal effusion C. Peripleural fluid D. Pleural effusion

Pleural effusion

The sonographic "bat-wing" sign is indicative of: A. Pericardial effusion B. Pulmonary atresia C. Pleural effusion D. Endocardial cushion defects

Pleural effusion

The most common sonographic appearance of pulmonary sequestration is a(n): A. Dilated pulmonary artery and hypoechoic chest mass B. Pleural effusion and ipsilateral hiatal hernia C. Triangular, echogenic mass within the chest D. Anechoic mass within the chest

Triangular, echogenic mass within the chest

What is an opening within the septum that separates the right and the left ventricles? A. Endocardial cushion B. Tricuspid regeneration C. VSD D. ASD

VSD

Which of the following is considered to be the most common cardiac defect? A. Hypoplastic right heart syndrome B. Transposition of the great vessels C. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome D. VSD

VSD

Eventration of the diaphragm is best described as: A. A lack of muscle in the dome of the diaphragm B. A defect in the anterior lateral wall of the diaphragm C. A defect in the posterolateral wall of the diaphragm D. Congenital absence of the diaphragm

A lack of muscle in the dome of the diaphragm

The most common cause of cardiac malposition is: A. Diaphragmatic hernia B. Omphalocele C. Gastroschisis D. Pulmonary hypoplasia

Diaphragmatic hernia

A coexisting pericardial effusion and a pleural effusion is consistent with the diagnosis of: A. Tetralogy of Fallot B. Pentalogy of Cantrell C. Fetal hydrops D. Potter syndrome

Fetal hydrops

What is the opening located right anteromedially within the diaphragm? A. Foramen of Bochdalek B. Foramen of Morgagni C. Foramen of Monro D. Foramen ovale

Foramen of Morgagni

Fetal lung maturity can be assessed using the: A. LS ratio B. Systolic to diastolic ratio C. Estriol to alpha-fetoprotein ratio D. Lung size formula

LS ratio

All of the following are sonographic signs of Ebstein anomaly except: A. Enlarged right atrium B. Fetal hydrops C. Narrowing of the aortic arch D. Malpositioned tricuspid valve

Narrowing of the aortic arch

What is the term for underdevelopment of the lungs? A. Pulmonary atresia B. Pulmonary stenosis C. Pulmonary agenesis D. Pulmonary hypoplasia

Pulmonary hypoplasia

The most common fetal cardiac tumor is the: A. Rhabdomyoma B. Chordae tendineae C. Cardiomyoma D. CAM

Rhabdomyoma

The moderator band is located within the: A. Right atrium B. Left atrium C. Right ventricle D. Left ventricle

Right ventricle

The mitral valve is located: A. Between the right atrium and the left atrium B. Between the right ventricle and the right atrium C. Between the left ventricle and the left atrium D. Between the left atrium and the aorta

Between the left ventricle and the left atrium

The tricuspid valve is located: A. Between the right atrium and the left atrium B. Between the right ventricle and the right atrium C. Between the left ventricle and the left atrium D. Between the left atrium and the aorta

Between the right ventricle and the right atrium

The narrowing of the aortic arch is indicative of: A. Tetralogy of Fallot B. Coarctation of the aorta C. Ebstein anomaly D. Hypoplastic right heart syndrome

Coarctation of the aorta

The visualization of the fetal stomach within the fetal chest is most indicative of: A. Pulmonary sequestration B. Diaphragmatic hernia C. Turner syndrome D. CAM

Diaphragmatic hernia

What is the fetal shunt that connects the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch? A. Foramen ovale B. Ductus arteriosis C. Ductus venosis D. Foramen of Bochdalek

Ductus arteriosis

What structure shunts blood into the IVC from the umbilical vein? A. Ductus venosus B. Ductus arteriosus C. Foramen ovale D. Foramen of Luschka

Ductus venosus

What is the normal opening in the lower middle third of the atrial septum? A. Foramen of Magendie B. Foramen of Monro C. Foramen ovale D. Ductus arteriosus

Foramen ovale

All of the following are sonographic features of pentalogy of Cantrell except: A. Omphalocele B. Gastroschisis C. Cleft sternum D. Diaphragmatic defect

Gastroschisis

A group of anomalies characterized by a small or an absent left ventricle is: A. Turner syndrome B. Hypoplastic right heart syndrome C. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome D. Coarctation of the aorta

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

A group of anomalies characterized by a small or an absent right ventricle is: A. Turner syndrome B. Hypoplastic right heart syndrome C. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome D. Coarctation of the aorta

Hypoplastic right heart syndrome

The blood returning from the lungs through the pulmonary veins enters into the: A. Right atrium B. Left atrium C. Right ventricle D. Left ventricle

Left atrium

An EIF is most often seen within the: A. Right atrium B. Left atrium C. Right ventricle D. Left ventricle

Left ventricle

Tetralogy of Fallot consists of all of the following except: A. Overriding aortic root B. VSD C. Pulmonary stenosis D. Left ventricular hypertrophy

Left ventricular hypertrophy

a What is described as the absence of the pulmonary valve, which in turn prohibits blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery and essentially to the lungs? A. Pulmonary atresia B. Pulmonary stenosis C. Pulmonary sequestration D. Pulmonary effusion

Pulmonary atresia

A separate mass of nonfunctioning fetal lung tissue is referred to as: A. Pulmonary adenomatoid malformation B. Pulmonary sequestration C. CAM D. Bat wing sign

Pulmonary sequestration

Which of the following best describes transposition of the great vessels? A. The aorta arises from the left ventricle, and the pulmonary artery arises from the right ventricle. B. The aorta arises from the right ventricle, and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle. C. The aortic arch is narrowed and positioned anterior to the pulmonary vein. D. The presence of an omphalocele and ectopic cordis.

The aorta arises from the right ventricle, and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle

Which of the following is a true statement about the fetal heart? A. The apex of the heart will be angled to the lechright of the midline. B. The apex of the heart is the portion closest to the spine. C. The normal heart will fill approximately two-third of the fetal chest D. The chamber closest to the fetal spine is the left atrium

The chamber closest to the fetal spine is the left atrium

Which of the following is not a true statement about the normal fetal heart? A. The ventricular septum should be uninterrupted and of equal thickness to the left ven- tricular wall. B. There is a normal opening within the atrial septum. C. Between the right ventricle and the right atrium, one should visualize the tricuspid valve. D. The mitral valve is positioned closer to the cardiac apex than the tricuspid valve.

The mitral valve is positioned closer to the cardiac apex than the tricuspid valve

Which statement is true concerning fetal outflow tracts? A. The normal pulmonary artery should be positioned posterior to the aorta and should be visualized passing under it. B. The normal pulmonary artery should be positioned anterior to the aorta and should be visualized crossing over it. C. The right ventricular outflow tract leads to the aorta. D. The left ventricular outflow tract leads to the pulmonary artery.

The normal pulmonary artery should be positioned anterior to the aorta and should be visualized crossing over it

An EIF would most likely be associated with: A. Trisomy 21 B. Trisomy 13 C. Trisomy 8 D. Turner syndrome

Trisomy 21