Chapter 27 Study Guide
Define Militarism:
A policy of glorifying military power and military ideas and values
Define Expansionists:
Americans who favored extending the United States' power by taking control of new territories
Why did Wilson want to declare war? In what year did the US enter WWI?
The U.S.'s trade ships were being sunk by the Germans, even though the Germans promised they wouldn't. America entered WWl in 1917.
What were U-Boats?
U-boats were what submarines were called at this time in history. They were used by Germany.
What were three causes of the Spanish-American War?
- Americans read the news about how Spanish generals were treating Cubans poorly - Expansionists pushed to annex Cuba and Puerto Rico to enforce the Monroe Doctrine and keep European powers out of the Western Hemisphere - An explosion destroyed the Maine and it was suspected by the Spanish
Explain the outbreak of WWI
- Austria-Hungary, after their archduke was assassinated by a Serbian man, declared war on Serbia because Serbia did not give up it's independence as a consequence of the assassination. - Russia then joined the war, defending the Serbians. - Then, Germany came to help out Austria-Hungary, also declaring war on Russia. - France and Great Britain then got thrown into the mix as Russia's allies. - Broken down, the war was the central powers (Germany and Austria-Hungary) fighting against the allied powers (Russia, France, Great Britain and Serbia.
What were similarities between the Treaty of Versailles and Wilson's 14 Points?
- Both were their own interpretations in creating peace - Boundaries and territories would be changed in both proposals - League of Nations was enforced
What were the results of the Spanish-American War?
- Cuba gained its independence from Spain - The US was allowed to keep naval bases in Cuba - Puerto Rico came under US rule
How did the US help the allies win the war?
- General John J made a plan for driving Germans out of the trenches and forcing them to retreat to open country. - Americans saved Paris before Germany could capture it - America brought their new machine guns and artillery - One million soldiers joined the Allies in Europe - Americans could help the Britains attack the U-Boats
What is an argument AGAINST expansionism?
- Might push the country into war - Goes against America's initial values - Non Whites could never learn american values - America could find other ways to gain power
What is an argument IN FAVOR of expansionism?
- More land - More products and markets - Gain more power and international allies - Follow in line with other great nations
Explain how the US built and gained control of the Panama Canal
- Theodore Roosevelt wanted to build a canal joining the Atlantic and Pacific oceans to improve trade and make it easier to defend U.S. territories. - Roosevelt offered Columbia $10 million in exchange for the building of the Panama Canal, Columbia refused the offer because they felt America was taking advantage of them. - Columbia, wanting independence and influenced by the American warships arrived at their docks, started a revolution within itself. - The new Colombian nation accepted $10 million from the US for the construction of the Canal.
What were three changes in warfare in WWI?
- Trenches were dug for housing and attack-preparation for soldiers - Machine guns were invented - Poison gas & chemical weapons were invented
Explain how the US annexed Hawaii
1835: Boston merchant establishes a sugar plantation in Hawaii. 1887: Hawaiians agreed to let the United states establish a naval base at Pearl Harbor. 1891: Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown by Americans in Hawaii in fear they would lose their land if she stayed. 1898: The United States annexed Hawaii under President McKinley.
What was the Monroe Doctrine
A principle of US policy, originated by President James Monroe in 1823, that any intervention by external powers in the politics of the Americas is a potentially hostile act against the US.
Define Reparations:
Debts imposed on a defeated nation to pay for the harm done during a war
Define Nationalism:
Devotion to a national or ethnic identity, including the desire for independence from rule by foreign countries
What were differences between the Treaty of Versailles and Wilson's 14 Points?
Difference: Treaty of Versailles - Forced Germany to disband all of their armed forces, give up their colonies, and surrender territory - Called on Germany to pay $33 billion in reparations Difference: Wilson's 14 Points - Nations were asked to shut down secret treaties, practice free trade, and reduce weapon supplies - Freedom of the seas
Why were Filipino fighters willing to ally themselves with Admiral Dewey and the United States?
The Filipinos believed that the coming Americans would help them gain independence.
What was the Lusitania? Why was this important?
The Lusitania was a British luxury liner used for Americans to sail to Britain. Americans believed the Germans were the ones to sink the ship, killing 128 Americans. This was important because it led up to the Americans' participation in WWl, when Americans started supplying Britain with resources.
Define Imperialism:
The policy of extending a nation's power by gaining political and economic control over other countries
Define Yellow Journalism:
The practice of publishing sensation and often exaggerated news stories in order to attract readers
Why did they eventually feel betrayed by the United States?
They eventually felt betrayed when Congress agreed to annex the Philippines.
What did European countries do to stay safe in the years before 1914?
They took to militarism (glorifying military values), and built alliances.