Chapter 28 - Washington (Respiratory System)
Apex of the lung
A Pancoast tumor arises where?
87%
According to the American Cancer Society, what is the percentage of lung cancers caused by smoking?
Carina
At what anatomical location does the trachea bifurcate into the right and left main stem bronchi?
Lower
Cancer in which lobe of the lung will typically never include treatment of the contralateral hilar lymph nodes unless proved positive?
I - Spinal cord II - Heart
Critical structures considered in the treatment of lung cancer are what?
I - Patients with small tumors II - Medically inoperable patients with early-stage NSCLC
In treating lung cancer, SBRT is reserved for who?
Central
In what part of the lung are primary squamous cell carcinomas usually found?
Cough & Hemoptysis
Local signs and symptoms of lung cancer include what?
Pleura
Mesothelioma is a cancer of which respiratory system component?
Inability to lie flat
One symptom associated with superior vena cava syndrome is orthopnea. Orthopnea is ____________________.
Brain
SCLC most commonly spreads to where?
Arm pain
The clinical symptoms of a Pancoast tumor include ___________.
20 Gy
The tolerance dose (TD) 5/5 for the whole lung is approximately _____ Gy.
Lobectomy
The treatment of choice for early-stage lung cancer is what?
T-I
What T stage is a lung cancer measuring 2.5 cm in its greatest dimension?
X-ray
What diagnostic imaging tool is most commonly used to detect lung cancers?
60%
What is the 5-year survival rate for early-stage lung cancers?
15%
What is the 5-year survival rate for small cell and non-small cell lung cancers?
Smoking
What is the leading cause of non-small cell carcinoma of the lung?
Radon exposure
What is the leading risk factor for lung cancer among non-smokers?
Cisplatin
What is the most effective single-agent chemotherapy drug?
Asbestos exposure
What is the most significant risk factor associated with mesothelioma?
Exchange of gasses
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
6,000 cGy
What is the total dose delivered to a primary lung cancer?
T5
What vertebra is the carina located at?
Diarrhea
Which of the following is not a common acute side effect a patient may experience during the course of radiation treatments for lung cancer?
Expothalmos
Which of the following symptoms is not associated with Horner syndrome?
Horner syndrome
Which of the following syndromes is commonly associated with Pancoast tumors?
Pneumonectomy
Which of the following terms is used to describe the surgical removal of an entire lung?
Avoid treating normal tissue
Why should a patient's arms be positioned above his or her head during radiation treatments of a primary lung cancer?