Chapter 28 - Washington (Respiratory System)

Apex of the lung

A Pancoast tumor arises where?

87%

According to the American Cancer Society, what is the percentage of lung cancers caused by smoking?

Carina

At what anatomical location does the trachea bifurcate into the right and left main stem bronchi?

Lower

Cancer in which lobe of the lung will typically never include treatment of the contralateral hilar lymph nodes unless proved positive?

I - Spinal cord II - Heart

Critical structures considered in the treatment of lung cancer are what?

I - Patients with small tumors II - Medically inoperable patients with early-stage NSCLC

In treating lung cancer, SBRT is reserved for who?

Central

In what part of the lung are primary squamous cell carcinomas usually found?

Cough & Hemoptysis

Local signs and symptoms of lung cancer include what?

Pleura

Mesothelioma is a cancer of which respiratory system component?

Inability to lie flat

One symptom associated with superior vena cava syndrome is orthopnea. Orthopnea is ____________________.

Brain

SCLC most commonly spreads to where?

Arm pain

The clinical symptoms of a Pancoast tumor include ___________.

20 Gy

The tolerance dose (TD) 5/5 for the whole lung is approximately _____ Gy.

Lobectomy

The treatment of choice for early-stage lung cancer is what?

T-I

What T stage is a lung cancer measuring 2.5 cm in its greatest dimension?

X-ray

What diagnostic imaging tool is most commonly used to detect lung cancers?

60%

What is the 5-year survival rate for early-stage lung cancers?

15%

What is the 5-year survival rate for small cell and non-small cell lung cancers?

Smoking

What is the leading cause of non-small cell carcinoma of the lung?

Radon exposure

What is the leading risk factor for lung cancer among non-smokers?

Cisplatin

What is the most effective single-agent chemotherapy drug?

Asbestos exposure

What is the most significant risk factor associated with mesothelioma?

Exchange of gasses

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

6,000 cGy

What is the total dose delivered to a primary lung cancer?

T5

What vertebra is the carina located at?

Diarrhea

Which of the following is not a common acute side effect a patient may experience during the course of radiation treatments for lung cancer?

Expothalmos

Which of the following symptoms is not associated with Horner syndrome?

Horner syndrome

Which of the following syndromes is commonly associated with Pancoast tumors?

Pneumonectomy

Which of the following terms is used to describe the surgical removal of an entire lung?

Avoid treating normal tissue

Why should a patient's arms be positioned above his or her head during radiation treatments of a primary lung cancer?