Chapter 29 and Shock

impairments in performance are noted when an athlete loses

1% to 2% of body weight

for every pound of water lost during exercises, ___ of fluid should be ingested

24 ounces

carbohydrates should be consumed within ___ minutes following activity?

30

the use of carbohydrate beverage to be consumed during exercise should not exceed

8%

shivering decreases and is replaced by muscular rigidity with jerky erratic

91-98 F

the single most important factor to prevent altitude sickness is

acclimatization

which of the following measures would help prevent the onset of hyperthermia a. acclimate to the environment b. eat high carb food c. ingest a cola soda pop prior to exercising d. ingest water only after exercise is completed

b. eat high carb food

what is NOT a sign or symptom of shock? a. rapid and shallow respiration b. rapid and strong pulse c. profuse sweating d. pale, clammy skin

b. rapid and strong pulse

the air pollutant that interferes with the ability of the hemoglobin to transport oxygen to the cellular level is

carbon monoxide

altitude has the most effect on athletes who participate in what sport

cross country

in assessing urine to determine an individual's hydration status, what is inadequate hydration

dark-yellow urine of small volume and strong odor

septic shock

derives from severe, usually bacterial, infection

the most critical factor in determining morbidity and mortality associated with a lightning strike is

duration of apnea

tissue damage from frostbite depends upon the depth of cold penetration resulting from

duration of exposure temperature wind velocity

headache, confusion, nausea, cramping, bloated stomach, altered consciousness, significant mental compromise, swelling in the extremities are signs and symptoms of

exertional hyponatremia

t/f: although an individual may continually drink water throughout an exercise bout, less than 50% of fluid lost will be replenished

false

t/f: diets high in protein and salt can lessen the effects of altitude

false

t/f: it is crucial for children to receive electrolytes during their fluid replacement

false

t/f: liquids at room temperature will empty from the stomach and small intestines significantly faster than cold liquids

false

t/f: shivering can increase the total metabolic rate by twofold while exercise can increase the rate by tenfold

false

t/f: sweat production by itself results in heat loss from the skin

false

t/f: the severity of shock can vary dependent on the age of the individual

false

t/f: in treating any frostbite injuries, the body parts should be rewarmed in water heated between 104 and 108 for 30-45 minutes

false; 98-104 for 15-30 minutes

t/f: frostbite occurs when the core temperature remains relatively constant but the shell temperature increases

false; by freezing off soft tissue

frostbite that involves the skin and underlying tissues, but the deep tissues are soft and pliable is considered

first-degree

an athlete exhibits signs of disorientation, shallow breathing, hot, dry, reddish skin, and rapid, strong pulse. this is showing

heat stroke

what kind of clothing should be worn during exercise

light-colored, lightweight, and porous clothing is preferred

the primary objective of fluid replacement when exercising in hot weather is to

maintain plasma volume so circulation and sweating occur t optimal levels

most internal heat is generated during ____.

muscular activity

neurogenic shock

occurs when peripheral blood vessels dilate causing insufficient blood volume

respiratory shock

possible causes are airway obstruction, pneumothorax, or hemothorax

cardiogenic shock

possible causes are injury to the heart or previous heart attack

metabolic shock

possible causes are insulin shock, diabetic coma, vomiting, or diarrhea

hypovolemic (shock)

possible causes include hemorrhage, dehydration, and multiple trauma

psychogenic shock

refers to a temporary dilation of blood vessels resulting in draining of blood from the head with pooling of abdomen

total sweat vaporized from the skin depends on

skin surface exposed to the environment, convection of air currents around the body, temperature and relative humidity of ambient air

signs of heat cramps

thirst normal pulse and respiration moist and cool skin

t/f: a Lichtenberg figure is transient and fades after 24 hours

true

t/f: a diet lacking in carbohydrates and protein can increase the risk of cold-related injuries

true

t/f: a person with anemia is at a higher risk for problems related to smoking

true

t/f: a rapid, weak pulse is the primary characteristic sign of shock

true

t/f: altitude sickness is a disorder related to hypoxia at high altitudes

true

t/f: dyspnea on exertion are characteristics of high-altitude pulmonary edema

true

t/f: if the time from a lightning flash to thunder is within 30 seconds, all outdoor activity should end and participants should seek shelter

true

t/f: individuals who reside in regions with high ozone levels may become desensitized to the irritating effects of ozone after repeated exposures

true

t/f: miliaria rubra usually occurs in areas like the axilla and groin

true

t/f: treatment of heat cramps includes active stretching of the affected muscles

true

t/f: women begin to sweat at higher skin and core temperatures, produce less sweat than men at comparable heat-exercise loads, and show a heat tolerance equivalent to that of men

true