Chapter 29 and Shock
impairments in performance are noted when an athlete loses
1% to 2% of body weight
for every pound of water lost during exercises, ___ of fluid should be ingested
24 ounces
carbohydrates should be consumed within ___ minutes following activity?
30
the use of carbohydrate beverage to be consumed during exercise should not exceed
8%
shivering decreases and is replaced by muscular rigidity with jerky erratic
91-98 F
the single most important factor to prevent altitude sickness is
acclimatization
which of the following measures would help prevent the onset of hyperthermia a. acclimate to the environment b. eat high carb food c. ingest a cola soda pop prior to exercising d. ingest water only after exercise is completed
b. eat high carb food
what is NOT a sign or symptom of shock? a. rapid and shallow respiration b. rapid and strong pulse c. profuse sweating d. pale, clammy skin
b. rapid and strong pulse
the air pollutant that interferes with the ability of the hemoglobin to transport oxygen to the cellular level is
carbon monoxide
altitude has the most effect on athletes who participate in what sport
cross country
in assessing urine to determine an individual's hydration status, what is inadequate hydration
dark-yellow urine of small volume and strong odor
septic shock
derives from severe, usually bacterial, infection
the most critical factor in determining morbidity and mortality associated with a lightning strike is
duration of apnea
tissue damage from frostbite depends upon the depth of cold penetration resulting from
duration of exposure temperature wind velocity
headache, confusion, nausea, cramping, bloated stomach, altered consciousness, significant mental compromise, swelling in the extremities are signs and symptoms of
exertional hyponatremia
t/f: although an individual may continually drink water throughout an exercise bout, less than 50% of fluid lost will be replenished
false
t/f: diets high in protein and salt can lessen the effects of altitude
false
t/f: it is crucial for children to receive electrolytes during their fluid replacement
false
t/f: liquids at room temperature will empty from the stomach and small intestines significantly faster than cold liquids
false
t/f: shivering can increase the total metabolic rate by twofold while exercise can increase the rate by tenfold
false
t/f: sweat production by itself results in heat loss from the skin
false
t/f: the severity of shock can vary dependent on the age of the individual
false
t/f: in treating any frostbite injuries, the body parts should be rewarmed in water heated between 104 and 108 for 30-45 minutes
false; 98-104 for 15-30 minutes
t/f: frostbite occurs when the core temperature remains relatively constant but the shell temperature increases
false; by freezing off soft tissue
frostbite that involves the skin and underlying tissues, but the deep tissues are soft and pliable is considered
first-degree
an athlete exhibits signs of disorientation, shallow breathing, hot, dry, reddish skin, and rapid, strong pulse. this is showing
heat stroke
what kind of clothing should be worn during exercise
light-colored, lightweight, and porous clothing is preferred
the primary objective of fluid replacement when exercising in hot weather is to
maintain plasma volume so circulation and sweating occur t optimal levels
most internal heat is generated during ____.
muscular activity
neurogenic shock
occurs when peripheral blood vessels dilate causing insufficient blood volume
respiratory shock
possible causes are airway obstruction, pneumothorax, or hemothorax
cardiogenic shock
possible causes are injury to the heart or previous heart attack
metabolic shock
possible causes are insulin shock, diabetic coma, vomiting, or diarrhea
hypovolemic (shock)
possible causes include hemorrhage, dehydration, and multiple trauma
psychogenic shock
refers to a temporary dilation of blood vessels resulting in draining of blood from the head with pooling of abdomen
total sweat vaporized from the skin depends on
skin surface exposed to the environment, convection of air currents around the body, temperature and relative humidity of ambient air
signs of heat cramps
thirst normal pulse and respiration moist and cool skin
t/f: a Lichtenberg figure is transient and fades after 24 hours
true
t/f: a diet lacking in carbohydrates and protein can increase the risk of cold-related injuries
true
t/f: a person with anemia is at a higher risk for problems related to smoking
true
t/f: a rapid, weak pulse is the primary characteristic sign of shock
true
t/f: altitude sickness is a disorder related to hypoxia at high altitudes
true
t/f: dyspnea on exertion are characteristics of high-altitude pulmonary edema
true
t/f: if the time from a lightning flash to thunder is within 30 seconds, all outdoor activity should end and participants should seek shelter
true
t/f: individuals who reside in regions with high ozone levels may become desensitized to the irritating effects of ozone after repeated exposures
true
t/f: miliaria rubra usually occurs in areas like the axilla and groin
true
t/f: treatment of heat cramps includes active stretching of the affected muscles
true
t/f: women begin to sweat at higher skin and core temperatures, produce less sweat than men at comparable heat-exercise loads, and show a heat tolerance equivalent to that of men
true
