Chapter 29 Bio 105
sharks, skates, and rays have cartilaginous skeletons while other groups of vertebrates have evolved
bony skeleton
which of the following describes a typical amphibian
tetrapod with well developed skeleton for locomotion
what basic difference is seen between the chordate skeleton and invertebrate skeleton
the Skelton of most chordates is internal, that of many invertebrates is external
amphibians have a heart with
3 chambers
Scientific evidence suggests that living dinosaurs became extinct during the creataceous period About how long ago
65 mya
Mammals
Most living mammals are placental mammals, meaning the extraembryonic membranes of the amniotic egg have been modified for internal development. The chorion contributes to the fetal portion of the placenta, while part of the uterine wall contributes to the maternal portion. These mammals have adapted to life on land and have limbs to allow for fast movement. Mammals have four-chambered hearts and expanded lungs and they have consistent body temperatures. Mammals have large brains that are not fully developed upon birth; therefore, offspring remain with their parents for a time after birth.
select a feature scene in all vertebrates in addition to the cordate characteristics
School, internal organs, endoskeleton, vertebral column
What special mouth features are characteristic of turtles
Sharp beak no teeth
Evolution of Chordates
The chordates evolved during the Cambrian period during the Paleozoic era. During the Ordovician period, both jawless fishes and jawed fishes appeared. The jawed fishes were the first of the gnathostomes, or jawed animals, to evolve. The first vertebrates to live on land, the amphibians, evolved during the Devonian period. They were also the first animals to have limbs. The terrestrial vertebrates are tetrapods, or four-limbed animals. The reptiles evolved during the Carboniferous period and were the first of the amniotes, or animals with a special membrane surrounding their embryos.
characteristics of marsupials
True uteruses, pouch, yolk type placenta
The fluid filled membrane of a reptile egg that provides a private pond for embryonic development is the
amnion
the first vertebrate group to evolve from fishes and live successful on land were the
amphibians
which group of vertebrates are endothermic
birds
Fishes
blood bony cartilaginous electric currents gills jawless lampreys and hagfishes lateral line system lobe-finned lungs perch, trout, and salmon sharks, rays, and skates sight smell ray-finned fins swim bladders Fishes that are cylindrical with smooth, scaleless skin, and no jaws or paired fins are called jawless fishes. Examples include lampreys and hagfishes. Fishes with skeletons of cartilage instead of bone are called cartilaginous fishes and include sharks, rays, and skates. These cartilaginous fish can detect their prey by detecting electric currents in water. They also have keen senses of smell and have a lateral line system to detect nearby movements. The most numerous and diverse of all vertebrates are the bony fishes, and include perch, trout, and salmon. The ray-finned fishes have bony spikes on their fins and have swim bladders to assist in buoyancy. The lobe-finned fishes gave rise to the amphibians as they evolved lungs for respiration and appendages for movement on land.
anatomical features of sharks, rays and skates and chimaeras
body covered with dermal denticles skeleton made of cartilage 5-7 gills slit on each side of pharynx
the swim bladder of bony fish function is
buoyancy
most lizards can be described as being what type of consumer
carnivore
The endoskeleton of vertebrates can be made of which of the material
cartilage and bone
an animal that has these for basic characteristics at some stage of development a notocord dorsal tubular nerve cord pharyngeal pouches and postanal tail
chordate
fishes have a circulatory system that is___ and ____ looped
closed single
an organism that depend on the environment to regulate body temperature
ectotherm
when amphibians reproduce the female deposits____ in the males deposit__ in the water where external fertilization occurs
egg, sperm
the internal skeleton in vertebrates is called
endoskeleton
what are 3 characteristics of most fishes w jaws
endoskeleton made of cartilage and bone ectotherms gills and scales
The features of vertebrates beyond those of coordinates include endoskeleton internal organs memory glands and hair
false
first vertebrates
fishes
the first vertebrates to evolved were the___
fishes
which group has a circulatory system consisting of a single loop pathway and two chambered heart
fishes
most of the unique anatomical features of a bird such as feathers and a modified skeleton are adapted to the process of
flight
amphibians typically have ____ limbs, which makes them tetrapods
four
how does in Fabians skin aid in temperature regulation
it is moist and evaporate of cooling occurs while on land
select the features of the earliest fishes in the fossil record the ostracoderms
jawless and some had heavy armor
The canal system that enables fission and sapiens to detect nearby vibrations and water movement is the
lateral line
what are the purpose of the air sacs attached to the lungs of birds
lighten the birds body aid in gas exchange
Amphibians evolves from___ finned fishes with lungs
lobe
amphibians exchange gases with the environment
lungs cutaneous respiration
what amnio skull has one opening behind the eyesocket
mammals
mammals that have a shared excretory and reproductive canal called cloaca
monotremes
an adult amphibian with an elongated body a long tail impaired front and back limbs is most likely a __
newt
what best describes the physical appearance of adult frogs and toads
no tail fused head and trunk
features of caecilians
often legless, burrow in soil, amphibians
The jawless finless fossil fish from the Cambrian some of which had protective dermal armor were called
ostracoderms
other than lacking a jar which are features of today's jawless fishes
persistent notochord cartilaginous skeleton cylindrical body
what vertebrae group relies on internal development during the nutrients and waste our exchange between the mothers an embryo
placental mammals
frogs and toads excrete____ from their skin to deter predators and prevent micro peel growth
poisons
what two groups of snakes have pelvic girdle's
pythons and boas
the cloaca of salamanders is involved in which body functions
reproduction, elimination of waste, excretion of urine
animals that have scaly skin for limbs double loop circulation and respiration and reproduction development for a living on land are called____
reptiles
what are the common names of the three groups of living amphibians
salamanders and newts frogs and toads caecilians
a sharks teeth are actually modified
scales
in vertebrates the sexes are most commonly ___ and reproduction is usually____
separate, sexual
the kneel is a part of which bone in birds
sternum
some species of which type of fish can deliver powerful electrical shock
stingrays
at what stage in their life cycle due in February is undergo metamorphosis
tadpole
select the characteristics of reptilian skin
thick, dry, impermeable to water, scaly
I light-sensitive organ to the tuatara that is located on the upper part of the head is
third eye
all chordates including terrestrial vertebrates have pharyngeal gill pouches at some point during development
true
what is the nerve cord (spinal cord) protected by in vertebrates
vertebral column
The general term for a Cordate in which the notocord is later replaced by a vertebral column
vertebrate
organisms that have a vertebral column are specifically referred to as
vertebrates