Chapter 29 Bio 105

sharks, skates, and rays have cartilaginous skeletons while other groups of vertebrates have evolved

bony skeleton

which of the following describes a typical amphibian

tetrapod with well developed skeleton for locomotion

what basic difference is seen between the chordate skeleton and invertebrate skeleton

the Skelton of most chordates is internal, that of many invertebrates is external

amphibians have a heart with

3 chambers

Scientific evidence suggests that living dinosaurs became extinct during the creataceous period About how long ago

65 mya

Mammals

Most living mammals are placental mammals, meaning the extraembryonic membranes of the amniotic egg have been modified for internal development. The chorion contributes to the fetal portion of the placenta, while part of the uterine wall contributes to the maternal portion. These mammals have adapted to life on land and have limbs to allow for fast movement. Mammals have four-chambered hearts and expanded lungs and they have consistent body temperatures. Mammals have large brains that are not fully developed upon birth; therefore, offspring remain with their parents for a time after birth.

select a feature scene in all vertebrates in addition to the cordate characteristics

School, internal organs, endoskeleton, vertebral column

What special mouth features are characteristic of turtles

Sharp beak no teeth

Evolution of Chordates

The chordates evolved during the Cambrian period during the Paleozoic era. During the Ordovician period, both jawless fishes and jawed fishes appeared. The jawed fishes were the first of the gnathostomes, or jawed animals, to evolve. The first vertebrates to live on land, the amphibians, evolved during the Devonian period. They were also the first animals to have limbs. The terrestrial vertebrates are tetrapods, or four-limbed animals. The reptiles evolved during the Carboniferous period and were the first of the amniotes, or animals with a special membrane surrounding their embryos.

characteristics of marsupials

True uteruses, pouch, yolk type placenta

The fluid filled membrane of a reptile egg that provides a private pond for embryonic development is the

amnion

the first vertebrate group to evolve from fishes and live successful on land were the

amphibians

which group of vertebrates are endothermic

birds

Fishes

blood bony cartilaginous electric currents gills jawless lampreys and hagfishes lateral line system lobe-finned lungs perch, trout, and salmon sharks, rays, and skates sight smell ray-finned fins swim bladders Fishes that are cylindrical with smooth, scaleless skin, and no jaws or paired fins are called jawless fishes. Examples include lampreys and hagfishes. Fishes with skeletons of cartilage instead of bone are called cartilaginous fishes and include sharks, rays, and skates. These cartilaginous fish can detect their prey by detecting electric currents in water. They also have keen senses of smell and have a lateral line system to detect nearby movements. The most numerous and diverse of all vertebrates are the bony fishes, and include perch, trout, and salmon. The ray-finned fishes have bony spikes on their fins and have swim bladders to assist in buoyancy. The lobe-finned fishes gave rise to the amphibians as they evolved lungs for respiration and appendages for movement on land.

anatomical features of sharks, rays and skates and chimaeras

body covered with dermal denticles skeleton made of cartilage 5-7 gills slit on each side of pharynx

the swim bladder of bony fish function is

buoyancy

most lizards can be described as being what type of consumer

carnivore

The endoskeleton of vertebrates can be made of which of the material

cartilage and bone

an animal that has these for basic characteristics at some stage of development a notocord dorsal tubular nerve cord pharyngeal pouches and postanal tail

chordate

fishes have a circulatory system that is___ and ____ looped

closed single

an organism that depend on the environment to regulate body temperature

ectotherm

when amphibians reproduce the female deposits____ in the males deposit__ in the water where external fertilization occurs

egg, sperm

the internal skeleton in vertebrates is called

endoskeleton

what are 3 characteristics of most fishes w jaws

endoskeleton made of cartilage and bone ectotherms gills and scales

The features of vertebrates beyond those of coordinates include endoskeleton internal organs memory glands and hair

false

first vertebrates

fishes

the first vertebrates to evolved were the___

fishes

which group has a circulatory system consisting of a single loop pathway and two chambered heart

fishes

most of the unique anatomical features of a bird such as feathers and a modified skeleton are adapted to the process of

flight

amphibians typically have ____ limbs, which makes them tetrapods

four

how does in Fabians skin aid in temperature regulation

it is moist and evaporate of cooling occurs while on land

select the features of the earliest fishes in the fossil record the ostracoderms

jawless and some had heavy armor

The canal system that enables fission and sapiens to detect nearby vibrations and water movement is the

lateral line

what are the purpose of the air sacs attached to the lungs of birds

lighten the birds body aid in gas exchange

Amphibians evolves from___ finned fishes with lungs

lobe

amphibians exchange gases with the environment

lungs cutaneous respiration

what amnio skull has one opening behind the eyesocket

mammals

mammals that have a shared excretory and reproductive canal called cloaca

monotremes

an adult amphibian with an elongated body a long tail impaired front and back limbs is most likely a __

newt

what best describes the physical appearance of adult frogs and toads

no tail fused head and trunk

features of caecilians

often legless, burrow in soil, amphibians

The jawless finless fossil fish from the Cambrian some of which had protective dermal armor were called

ostracoderms

other than lacking a jar which are features of today's jawless fishes

persistent notochord cartilaginous skeleton cylindrical body

what vertebrae group relies on internal development during the nutrients and waste our exchange between the mothers an embryo

placental mammals

frogs and toads excrete____ from their skin to deter predators and prevent micro peel growth

poisons

what two groups of snakes have pelvic girdle's

pythons and boas

the cloaca of salamanders is involved in which body functions

reproduction, elimination of waste, excretion of urine

animals that have scaly skin for limbs double loop circulation and respiration and reproduction development for a living on land are called____

reptiles

what are the common names of the three groups of living amphibians

salamanders and newts frogs and toads caecilians

a sharks teeth are actually modified

scales

in vertebrates the sexes are most commonly ___ and reproduction is usually____

separate, sexual

the kneel is a part of which bone in birds

sternum

some species of which type of fish can deliver powerful electrical shock

stingrays

at what stage in their life cycle due in February is undergo metamorphosis

tadpole

select the characteristics of reptilian skin

thick, dry, impermeable to water, scaly

I light-sensitive organ to the tuatara that is located on the upper part of the head is

third eye

all chordates including terrestrial vertebrates have pharyngeal gill pouches at some point during development

true

what is the nerve cord (spinal cord) protected by in vertebrates

vertebral column

The general term for a Cordate in which the notocord is later replaced by a vertebral column

vertebrate

organisms that have a vertebral column are specifically referred to as

vertebrates