Chapter 3 and 4

two-dimensional

picture surface, can also be covered with lines, shapes, textures, and other aspects of visual form (visual elements)

, shape,

shape refers to the expanse within the outline of a two-dimensional area or within the outer

three-dimensional space

Sculpture con- sists of these same elements organized and presented in

closed form.

a form that does not openly interact with the surrounding space.

the visual elements identified in Ooa2: line

can be active or static, aggressive or passive, sen- sual or mechanical. Lines can indicate directions, define boundaries of shapes and spaces, imply volumes or solid masses, and suggest motion or emotion. Lines can also be grouped to depict light and shadow and to form pat- terns and textures

open form

interacts with the surrounding space