Test #2 Bio
How does the sodium potassium pump work?
1. ATP comes in and pushes 3 Na+ out 2. Two K+ come in 3. Resets charge against gradient membrane.
Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of two molecules of glucose in cellular respiration?
76
What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules?
Catabolic pathways
Which curve represents the behavior of an enzyme taken from a bacterium that lives in hot springs at temperatures of 70°C or higher?
Curve 3
Which curve was most likely generated from analysis of an enzyme from a human stomach where conditions are strongly acid?
Curve 4
The _____ is a collection of interconnected tubes and flattened sacs that begin at the nucleus and ramble through the cytoplasm
ER
True of False? An animal cell in a hypertonic solution will burst
False
True of False? Once ATP is used it is digested by lysosomes and secreted as waste
False
True or False? Energy is created by metabolic processes within cells
False
True or False? In passive transport molecules move against their concentration gradient
False
True or False? Triglycerides are the most abundant components of the cell membrane
False
Phophofructokinase is an important control enzyme in the regulation of cellular respiration. All of the following statements describe a function of phosphofructokinase except?
It catalyzes the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1, 6-biphosphate, an early step of glycolysis
True or False? An animal cell in a hypotonic solution will burst
True
True or False? Oxidation/reduction reactions are simply electron transfers between molecules
True
Which of the following is an example of potential energy rather than kinetic energy?
a food molecule made up of energy rich macromolecules
Which of the following describes ubiquinone
a small hydrophobic coenzyme
The primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to
act as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen, forming water
In order for a protein to be an integral membrane protein it would have to be which of the following
amphipathic
What is the purpose of beta oxidation in respiration?
breakdown of fatty acids
enzymes are all of the following except
carbohydrates
_____ are main organelles involved in photosynthesis
chloroplast
Grana, thylakoids, and stroma are all components found in
chloroplasts
The _____ is a semi-fluid matrix in which cellular components are suspended
cytoplasm
_____ function like rivets, fastening cellis into sheets like in muscle tissue
desmosome
_____ function like rivets, fastening cells into sheets like in muscle tissue
desmosomes
Channel proteins facilitate _____ by providing a channel for solutes to pass
diffusion
Movement of solute across a membrane down their concentration gradient is called _____
diffusion
When electrons move closer to a more electronegative atom, what happens?
energy is released, and the more electronegative atom is reduced
In chemiosmotic phosphorylation, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP+ Pi to ATP?
energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase
Which of the following statements regarding enzymes is true?
enzymes increase the rate of reaction
Diagram the ATP/ADP cycle
exergonic energy (released processes)-> ATP + H2O-> endergonic energy (consumed processes)-> ADP + Pi
Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?
golgi apparatus
_____ are especially important in phagoctic white blood cell
lysosome
Which of the following contains hydrolytic enzymes?
lysosomes
_____ are especially important in phagocytic white blood cells
lysosomes
The _____ are the primary organelles for transferring the energy in carbohydrates to ATP under oxygen-plentiful conditions
mitochondria
Organelles other than nucleus that contain DNA include
mitochondria and chloroplasts
Which is one of the main transformers in the cell
mitochondrion
movement of water across a membrane is called _____
osmosis
A _____ separates each cell from the environment, permits the flow of molecules, and contains receptors that can affect the cell's activities
plasma membrane
_____ is energy that matter possesses because of its location and structure
potential energy
Organelles involved in protein synthesis include
ribosomes
The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by
substrate-level phosphorylation
when in an enzyme-substrate complex, the substrate is said to be in a _____ state
transition
list 5 functions of membrane proteins
transport, signal transduction, enzymatic activity, intercellular joining, cell-cell recognition, attachment to cytoskeleton and extra cellular matrix
Which of the following is a compartment that often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?
vacuole