Test #2 Bio

How does the sodium potassium pump work?

1. ATP comes in and pushes 3 Na+ out 2. Two K+ come in 3. Resets charge against gradient membrane.

Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of two molecules of glucose in cellular respiration?

76

What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules?

Catabolic pathways

Which curve represents the behavior of an enzyme taken from a bacterium that lives in hot springs at temperatures of 70°C or higher?

Curve 3

Which curve was most likely generated from analysis of an enzyme from a human stomach where conditions are strongly acid?

Curve 4

The _____ is a collection of interconnected tubes and flattened sacs that begin at the nucleus and ramble through the cytoplasm

ER

True of False? An animal cell in a hypertonic solution will burst

False

True of False? Once ATP is used it is digested by lysosomes and secreted as waste

False

True or False? Energy is created by metabolic processes within cells

False

True or False? In passive transport molecules move against their concentration gradient

False

True or False? Triglycerides are the most abundant components of the cell membrane

False

Phophofructokinase is an important control enzyme in the regulation of cellular respiration. All of the following statements describe a function of phosphofructokinase except?

It catalyzes the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1, 6-biphosphate, an early step of glycolysis

True or False? An animal cell in a hypotonic solution will burst

True

True or False? Oxidation/reduction reactions are simply electron transfers between molecules

True

Which of the following is an example of potential energy rather than kinetic energy?

a food molecule made up of energy rich macromolecules

Which of the following describes ubiquinone

a small hydrophobic coenzyme

The primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to

act as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen, forming water

In order for a protein to be an integral membrane protein it would have to be which of the following

amphipathic

What is the purpose of beta oxidation in respiration?

breakdown of fatty acids

enzymes are all of the following except

carbohydrates

_____ are main organelles involved in photosynthesis

chloroplast

Grana, thylakoids, and stroma are all components found in

chloroplasts

The _____ is a semi-fluid matrix in which cellular components are suspended

cytoplasm

_____ function like rivets, fastening cellis into sheets like in muscle tissue

desmosome

_____ function like rivets, fastening cells into sheets like in muscle tissue

desmosomes

Channel proteins facilitate _____ by providing a channel for solutes to pass

diffusion

Movement of solute across a membrane down their concentration gradient is called _____

diffusion

When electrons move closer to a more electronegative atom, what happens?

energy is released, and the more electronegative atom is reduced

In chemiosmotic phosphorylation, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP+ Pi to ATP?

energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase

Which of the following statements regarding enzymes is true?

enzymes increase the rate of reaction

Diagram the ATP/ADP cycle

exergonic energy (released processes)-> ATP + H2O-> endergonic energy (consumed processes)-> ADP + Pi

Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?

golgi apparatus

_____ are especially important in phagoctic white blood cell

lysosome

Which of the following contains hydrolytic enzymes?

lysosomes

_____ are especially important in phagocytic white blood cells

lysosomes

The _____ are the primary organelles for transferring the energy in carbohydrates to ATP under oxygen-plentiful conditions

mitochondria

Organelles other than nucleus that contain DNA include

mitochondria and chloroplasts

Which is one of the main transformers in the cell

mitochondrion

movement of water across a membrane is called _____

osmosis

A _____ separates each cell from the environment, permits the flow of molecules, and contains receptors that can affect the cell's activities

plasma membrane

_____ is energy that matter possesses because of its location and structure

potential energy

Organelles involved in protein synthesis include

ribosomes

The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by

substrate-level phosphorylation

when in an enzyme-substrate complex, the substrate is said to be in a _____ state

transition

list 5 functions of membrane proteins

transport, signal transduction, enzymatic activity, intercellular joining, cell-cell recognition, attachment to cytoskeleton and extra cellular matrix

Which of the following is a compartment that often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?

vacuole