Chapter 3 - HST 101

What happened that is of much importance in Greek history in 338 b.c.e.

A Macedonian king, Philip II, conquered the Greeks.

Citizens of a polis, according to Aristotle, belonged above all to (the priests, the state or the aristocracy).

the state

Homer's masterpiece, the Odyssey, taught the lesson that (vitality, violence or virtue) was better than vice.

virtue

Homer primarily studied Greek (Priestly, Oral or philosophical) traditions to gather the material for his compositions.

Oral

During the classical period, the Age of (Pericles, Xerxes, or Pericles) in the mid-fifth century BCE saw the greatest advances in Athenian democracy.

Pericles

Who were Greek tyrants?

Rulers who seized power by force and who were not subject to the law.

In classical Greek architecture, the most important form of building was generally the (temple, house or gate).

Temple

The Ionian revolt lead to what historic event?

The Greco-Persian Wars

The (pantheon, acropolis or propylon) was the central political, social, and religious gathering place of the polis.

acropolis

By Homer's time, Greek society was based on an aristocracy generally involved in (Fishing, agriculture, or mining).

agriculture

In sculpture, the classical style was concerned with representing (ideal beauty, godlike size and proportions, or realism).

ideal beauty .

In Athens, the central meeting of the assembly was on a hillside east of (the Parthenon, the Acropolis, or the Agora).

the Acropolis.

Although Athens might have acted as a democracy at home, its actions toward the (Etruscan, Cretan, or Delian) League showed it to be an imperialist power from an external perspective.

the Delian League

What was the name given to the period of Greek history from around 500 b.c.e. marked by brilliant achievement, much of it associated with the flowering of democracy in Athens under the leadership of Pericles.

Classical Greece

Why was Pericles speech important?

In this famous funeral oration, Pericles gave voice to the ideal of democracy and the importance of the individual. It was the Greeks who created the intellectual foundations of our Western heritage.

What two groups opposed the domination of political power by the aristocrats?

New rich people as well as poor peasants.

Who supported Greek tyrants?

New rich people who made their money in trade and industry, as well as from poor peasants, who were in debt to landholding aristocrats.

What one leading citizen was asked to address the crowd during the public funeral to honor those who had died in battle?

Pericles

What is true of the Minoans? A. Discovered by Evans B. Located on mainland Greece C. Palace-based society

A and C

Which of the following were effects the Great Peloponnesian War had on Greek economic, military, and political developments? Check all that apply. A. Athens fell to Sparta. B. Persia sided with Athens throughout the war. C. Athenian strategy was to withdraw behind Athens's walls. D. Sparta fell to Athens.

A and C

Which of the following were true important ideals the Iliad revealed for Greek men and women? A. Greek men cared about their families. B. Greek women's only purpose was childbearing. C. Greek women's honor came from representing the family name well. D. Greek men's highest honor was in gaining wealth by farming or trade.

A and C

How did other Greek city-states perceive the Athenian-led Delian League after the Persian wars? A. As little short of an Athenian empire B. As a cooperative movement to protect all Greeks C. As really under the control of Sparta

A. As little short of an Athenian empire

Which of the following represents an aspect of Plato's thought? A. Democracy's lack of ability to bring about an ideal state was its weakness. B. The aristocracy could be defeated if philosophers, like Plato, taught the peasantry how to lead. C. Bold, even irrational, acts allowed one to access divine power.

A. Democracy's lack of ability to bring about an ideal state was its weakness.

Which of these events happened in 776 BCE? A. First Olympic Games are recorded B. Cleisthenes designs Athenian democracy C. Persian-Greek conflict is sparked

A. First Olympic Games are recorded

This event occurred shortly before the time when Greek culture and civilization began to revive from the Dark Age. A. First Olympic Games are recorded. B. Persian-Greek conflict is sparked C. Cleisthenes designs Athenian democracy

A. First Olympic Games are recorded.

Which of the following statements accurately characterizes Homer's role in ancient Greek society? A. Homer outlined a model of the ideal Greek, who should above all be heroic and honorable. B. Homer argued that women should be in charge in political affairs because men's wrath led them to perpetrate destructive acts. C. Homer dismissed violence as antithetical to all interpretations of morality, leading Greek leaders to prioritize peaceful policies.

A. Homer outlined a model of the ideal Greek, who should above all be heroic and honorable.

During this transitional period, large numbers of Greeks left the mainland and migrated across the Aegean Sea to various islands. Name three greek peoples that migrated:

A. Ionians B. Aeolians C. Dorians

What is the best description of ancient Greece? A. It was a region with many peoples. B. It was a unified country. C. It was a city-state.

A. It was a region with many peoples.

Which of the following best describes Athens's role in the wars against Persia? A. It was the strategic leader of military opposition to Persia. B. It was neutral for much of the conflict. C. It was a powerful ally of Sparta, which led Greek forces to victory.

A. It was the strategic leader of military opposition to Persia.

How did geography affect ancient Greek relations? A. Mountainous geography prevented sustained cooperation between different Greek settlements. B. Open plains led Greeks to cooperate more and more. C. Separated by vast distances, Greek settlements were completely isolated from one another.

A. Mountainous geography prevented sustained cooperation between different Greek settlements.

Who was known for this? "I have explored the nature of the universe and the essence of ideal Forms:" A. Plato B. Euripides C. Aristophanes

A. Plato

What is the best description of ancient Greek relations? A. They had many different interests, and different groups often fought with one another. B. They came from various Egyptian, Persian, and Mycenaean cultures. C. They were mostly unified against non-Greek outsiders.

A. They had many different interests, and different groups often fought with one another.

Which of the following was the chief function of the city-state? A. To provide protection and a central political, economic, and religious space B. To provide a cheap source of farm labor for plantations C. To provide people with a sense of purpose in their lives

A. To provide protection and a central political, economic, and religious space

In 431 b.c.e., war erupted in Greece between what two dramatically different Greek city-states?

Athens and Sparta.

What is true of the Mycenaeans? A. Discovered by Evans B. Located on mainland Greece C. Palace-based society

B and C

Which of these events happened in 508 BCE? A. First Olympic Games are recorded B. Cleisthenes designs Athenian democracy C. Persian-Greek conflict is sparked

B. Cleisthenes designs Athenian democracy

Who was known for this? "My masterpiece, The Bacchae, explores the introduction of Dionysian rituals to Athens:" A. Plato B. Euripides C. Aristophanes

B. Euripides

This event occurred when Ionian Greek city-states revolted against Darius. A. First Olympic Games are recorded. B. Persian-Greek conflict is sparked C. Cleisthenes designs Athenian democracy

B. Persian-Greek conflict is sparked

Athens and Sparta were two great city-states that flourished in ancient Greece. Although they shared many of the same characteristics, they were rivals, and their mutual distrust ultimately led to the Peloponnesian War. Identify which of the following is an accurate statement regarding the differences between Athens and Sparta. A. Athenians had little regard for personal freedom, while Spartans considered it to be of the highest importance. B. Spartans were discouraged from engaging in philosophical pursuits, while Athenians were encouraged to do so. C. Sparta experienced long periods of tyranny, while Athens enjoyed a robust popular democracy through the Archaic Age.

B. Spartans were discouraged from engaging in philosophical pursuits, while Athenians were encouraged to do so.

Which of the following were values the Greeks learned from Homer? A. Heroism as displays of primal ferocity B. The importance of striving for excellence C. Forms of cooperation and mutual reliance D. The need to abandon the aristocratic system

B. The importance of striving for excellence C. Forms of cooperation and mutual reliance

Which of the following is the best definition of the hoplite? A. A mercenary B. An elite general C. A citizen-soldier

C. A citizen-soldier

Who was known for this? "In my play The Clouds, I portrayed Socrates as an operator of a "thought factory." A. Plato B. Euripides C. Aristophanes

C. Aristophanes

When this occurred, each adult male could physically and directly represent himself in government. A. First Olympic Games are recorded. B. Persian-Greek conflict is sparked C. Cleisthenes designs Athenian democracy

C. Cleisthenes designs Athenian democracy

Which of the following Greeks migrated to the southern Peloponnesus? A. Ionians B. Aeolians C. Dorians

C. Dorians

Which of the following is the best translation of arete, the Homeric concept? A. Humility B. Knowledge C. Excellence

C. Excellence

Which of the following is the best description of Greek colonial relationships? A. Greek colonies were completely controlled by original Greek city-states. B. Greek colonies had no relationship with original Greek city-states. C. Greek colonies traded with original Greek city-states but were not controlled by them.

C. Greek colonies traded with original Greek city-states but were not controlled by them.

Which of the following was an effect the Persian Wars had on Greek military and/or political developments? A. Abandonment of Athenian naval policy B. Fall of Persian Empire C. Greek incursions into Persian Empire

C. Greek incursions into Persian Empire

Which of the following best describes Greek politics in general? A. Greeks favored authoritarian dictatorship. B. Greeks favored a pure, direct democracy involving all inhabitants. C. Greeks favored a restricted democracy involving only the wealthy.

C. Greeks favored a restricted democracy involving only the wealthy.

Which of these events happened in 499 BCE? A. First Olympic Games are recorded B. Cleisthenes designs Athenian democracy C. Persian-Greek conflict is sparked

C. Persian-Greek conflict is sparked

On which class did most Greek life in city-states most depend? A. Philosophers B. Citizens C. Slaves

C. Slaves

Which of the following was a question posed by the Greek philosopher Plato? A. How should the aristocracy best be defeated? B. Where is there value in undertaking bold, even irrational, acts? C. What element of democracy is misguided?

C. What element of democracy is misguided?

Where was The hoplite force first developed?

Developed first in the Peloponnesus

How did geography affect Greek political, military, and economic developments?

Geography played an important role in the evolution of Greek history. Unlike the landmasses of Mesopotamia and Egypt, Greece occupied a small area, a mountainous peninsula that encompassed only 45,000 square miles of territory, about the size of the state of Louisiana.

Why do some scholars refer to the period from 1100 to 750 b.c.e as the Greek Dark Age?

Greece entered a difficult period in which population declined and food production dropped. Because of the difficult conditions and our lack of knowledge about the period, historians refer to it as the Dark Age.

Was Greece a united country?

Greece was not a united country but a geographic location.

What is a Greek polis?

Greek city-state; a central place where the citizens of the polis could assemble for political, social, and religious activities.

When the polis emerged as an important institution in Greece in the eighth century b.c.e., monarchical power waned, and kings virtually disappeared in most Greek states or survived only as ceremonial figures with little or no real power. Instead, political power passed into the hands of:

Local aristocracies.

What people created a relatively advanced society as evidenced by use of a writing system in their records known as Linear A.

The Minoans created a relatively advanced society as evidenced by use of a writing system in their records known as Linear A, which has not yet been deciphered.

True or False: Based on your analysis of the map and what you have read, it is clear that the mountainous terrain had a dramatic impact on the development of ancient Greece because it encouraged the development of independent, isolated communities.

True

The classical style was intended to (demonize, aggrandize or civilize) human emotions.

civilize

The development of the defense force known as the hoplites in the eighth century BCE helped foster (priestly rule, democracy, or the aristocracy) in Greek poleis.

democracy