Chapter 3: Nutrition in the Body
Digestion in the stomach includes; (2)
Extensive MECHANICAL digestion to mix food with gastric juice and chemical digestion of proteins and fats.
Probiotics are not approved by the ____ and are defined as...
FDA ; live BACTERIA AND YEASTS that improves GI bacteria health.
Ulcerative colitis is usually diagnosed before age ___, has a _____ link, can be ___-______ and has no known cure.
30; genetic ; life-threatening
Factors that prevent healing of ulcers;(4)
Alcohol, Smoking, Untreated Stress, Spicy Foods.
Treatment of Celiac Disease:
Diet lacking wheat, rye, and barley.
What triggers IBS?
Eating, Stress/anxiety/depression, Hormonal changes, some medicines, infection of GI tract, and genetics.
Genes affect how the body....
handles nutrients.
Symptoms and Treatments of Diverticulitis;
Flu-like symptoms: Bloating/gas, nausea, not feeling like eating. Treatment: Antibiotics or increase in fiber.
What causes diarrhea?
Food intolerances, infection of the GI tract, stress or bowel disorders.
What is a prebiotic?
Foods for probiotics and HIGH FIBER CARBOHYDRATES.
Diagnosis of Celiac Disease;(2)
IgA Blood Test, Biopsy
What are the benefits of healthy intestinal Bacteria? (4)
Improves IMMUNE system, Decreases body INFLAMMATION, Improves DIGESTION, Aids in preventing disease.
How does chemical digestion occur?
in the small intestine using pancreatic enzymes and bile.
What is IBS disorder?
interferes with large intestine function resulting in sensitive intestines and abnormal muscle spasms.
How to treat IBS;(5)
Manage Stress, Antidepressant meds, Fiber supplements, Eliminate high-gas foods, Antibiotics.
Describe the two types of digestion.
Mechanical (chewing): the physical breakdown of food. Chemical: break down initiated by an enzyme.
What is Diverticulitis?
Pouches from in the wall of the colon and get infected.
How does chemical digestion take place in the mouth?
Salivary amylase: enzyme produced by the salivary glands - digests CHO (ONLY 5%)
The intestinal bacteria different in each person is affected by... (4)
Stress, Alcohol, Antibiotics, and Diet.
What is Ulcerative Colitis?
Ulcers in the colon which could lead to Crohn's disease.
From the stomach, ______ is released a little at a time through the _____ _______ to the small intestine.
chyme ; phyloric sphincter (valve)
What causes Peptic (gastric) ulcers?
Bacteria ; Regular use of pain relievers
Probiotics may benefit the following.. (4)
1. Diarrhea from antibiotics or in childhood/IBS 2. Developing healthy GI bacteria 3. Helps prevent constipation and bloating 4. Improves immune system
What 3 processes does the food we eat undergo?
1. Digestion 2. Absorption 3. Elimination
What happens in the large intestine? (4)
1. INTESTINAL BACTERIA digest any remaining food particles. 2. Water and some nutrients are ABSORBED. 3. Bacterial fermentations converts the NON-DIGESTIBLE chyme into feces 4. releases vitamins including VIT K
Accessory organs of the GI tract include; (3)
1. Liver - produces bile which breaks down fats 2. Gall bladder - stores bile. 3. Pancreas - produces pancreatic amylase to digest CHO
The "Western" diet negetively effects intestinal bacteria by... (5)
1. Low in fruits/ veggies 2. High in saturated fat, sugar and animal protein. 3. high calorie and processed food intake, whole milk, and sugar-sweetened soda.
How much of Vit K needs are produced in the large intestine?
1/2
What is an enzyme?
A protein that speeds up a chemical reaction.
What is the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and how long is it?
A series of organs (stomach, intestines, and sphincter valves) arranged as a long tube ; 26 feet (20 small intestine)
Symptoms of IBS;(2)
Abdomincal cramps and bloating ; diarrhea/ constipation.
What is celiac disease?
Allergy to gluten (protein found in wheat, rye, and barley)
Treatment of ulcers;(3)
Antibiotic, Stop taking pain meds, meds to block or reduce acid production.
What is the difference between appetite, hunger, and satiety?
Appetite is the psychological DESIRE to eat, Hunger is the physiological NEED for food, and Satiety is the feeling of being full.
What is the treatment of diarrhea?
BRAT diet; Bananas Rice Apple Sauce or Toast.
Who is diarrhea dangerous to?
Children and Elderly
_____, now comprised of undigested fiber and food components moves through a sphincter called the ______ _____ to the ____ ______.
Chyme ; Illeocecal valve ; large intestines.
Diets that positively affect intestinal bacteria.. (4)
Decreases inflammation, fibrous foods, vegetables, and probiotics.
Symptoms of celiac disease;(3)
Diarrhea, Weight Loss, Rash
What causes heartburn?
Hydrochloric acid in the esophagus.
What is gluten intolerance?
Intolerance for gluten causing bloating, gas, or GI distress.
What causes diverticulosis?
Low fiber diet so the colon has to push harder to move stool.. increase in pressure can cause a pouch.
Treatment of heartburn(5)
Maintain healthy weight, avoid tight fitting clothes, avoid common trigger foods, eat smaller meals, don't smoke.
Symptoms of GERD.(4)
Persistent heartburn, taste of regurgitated food, difficulty swallowing, chest pain when lying down.
What can diarrhea lead to?
Severe Dehydration
Where do these processes occur?
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract
Where does digestion begin?
The mouth
What is digestion?
The process of breaking large food molecules down to smaller molecules.
Factors of healthy bowel function and symptoms of unhealthy.
Transit time is 1-3 days, 3x a day to every 3 days. ; backache, stomachache, headache, hemorrhoids.
What happens to someone with celiac disease?
White blood cells attack lining of small intestine, damaged villi lead to poor absorption of nutrients, genetic factors.
IBS is more common in ______.
Women
The ______ covers the opening to the ______ during swallowing.
epiglottis ; trachea
Food travels from the mouth to the stomach through the _____.
esophagus
What seperates the esophagus from the stomach?
gastroesophageal sphincter (valve)
What is a sphincter (valve)?
muscles that control the passage of material from one organ to the next.
What is peristalsis?
muscular contractions moving food through the GI tract.
What do villi do?
produce enzymes to digest CHO in the small intestine.
Where does most absorption occur?
small intestines
What is absorption?
the process of taking molecules across a cell membrane and into cells of the body.
cells to ____ // tissues to ____ // organs to _____ _____.
tissues ; organs ; digestive system