Chapter 3 - States of Matter Test Prep
three factors that affect gas pressure
1. change in temperature 2. change in volume 3. change in amount of particles
What are the six common phase changes
1. melting 2. freezing 3. vaporization 4. condensation 5. sublimation 6. deposition
What are three common states of matter
1. solids 2. liquids 3. gases
The state of matter that can exist at extremely _______ temperatures is called.
Bose-Einstein condensate
What causes the pressure in a closed container of gas?
Collisions
A gas absorbs energy as it changes into a liquid. True or False
False
Because of the constant motion of the particles in a gas, the gas has a definite shape and volume. True or False
False
In a closed container, increasing the temperature of a gas will decrease the force with which particles hit the walls of the container. True or False
False
The fact that copper wire can be bent shows that some solids do not have a definite shape. True or False
False
The state of matter in which a material has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume.
Gas
Liquid
Is the state of matter in which a material has a definite volume but not a definite shape.
Why can scientists ignore the forces of attraction among particles in a gas under ordinary conditions.
It is due to the fact that they are constant.
What determines the shape and volume of a gas?
It takes the shape and volume of its container.
Do the forces of attraction have a stronger effect on the behavior of the particles in a gas or in a liquid?
Liquid
Definite
Means that the shape and volume of a material do not easily change.
Plasma
On the sun, where temperatures are extremely high, matter exists in this state.
Pressure
Result of a force distributed over an area.
Compare and contrast the arrangement of particles at the atomic level for a liquid and a solid.
Solids are in order, but not as compacted as liquids. Liquids are in random order.
Gas
State of matter in which a material has neither definite shape nor a definite volume.
Charles Law
The direct proportion of the volume of a gas to its temperature (in Kelvins) if the pressure and the number of particles of a gas are constant.
Heat of vaporization
The energy absorbed by one gram of water as it changes from its liquid phase into water vapor.
Kinetic Energy
The energy an object has due to its motion.
Condensation
The phase change in which a substance changes from a gas into a liquid.
What is pressure?
The result of a force distributed over an area.
Solid
The state of matter in which materials have a definite shape and a definite volume.
Absolute Zero
The temperature equal to 0K on the Kelvin temperature scale.
99% of all the matter in the universe exists in a state that is not common on Earth. True or False
True
A gas takes the the shape and volume of its container. True or False
True
A liquid always has the same shape as its container and can be poured from one container to another. True or False
True
A liquid takes the shape of its container. True or False
True
Almost all solids have some type of orderly arrangement of particles at the atomic level. True or False
True
Condensation is an exothermic change. True or False
True
Deposition is an exothermic change and is the reverse of sublimation. True or False
True
Solids have a definite volume and shape because particles in a solid vibrate around fixed locations. True or False
True
Sublimation is an endothermic change. True or False
True
There are forces of attraction among the particles in all matter. True or False
True
Water molecules have a more orderly arrangement in ice than in a liquid. True or False
True
Vapor Pressure
When water vapor collects above the liquid in a closed container, the pressure caused by the collisions of this vapor and the walls of the container.
Phase Change
a reversible physical change that occurs when a substance changes from one state of matter to another.
When liquid water freezes, the average kinetic energy of its molecules ________________ and the arrangement of the molecules becomes more orderly.
decrease
Solids have a ______________________ volume and shape because particles in a solid vibrate in a _____________ locations.
definite; fixed
A substance absorbs energy from its surroundings during
endothermic change
Dry ice changing directly from a solid to a gas without forming a liquid first.
example of sublimation
As water freezes, it releases heat to its surroundings. Freezing is an example of
exothermic change
The energy absorbed by one gram of ice as it melts is known as the __________ for water.
heat of fusion
Increasing the number of particles of a gas will ________________ its pressure if the temperature and the volume are constant.
increase
What happens to the temperature of a substance during a phase change?
it does not change
Vaporization is the phase change in which a substance changes from a _______________ into a _______________.
liquid; gas
What effect does raising the temperature of a gas have on its pressure, if the volume of the gas and the number of its particles are kept constant?
more temp, more movement
Jaques Charles recorded the behavior of gases on a graph like the one above. The data shows that the volume of a gas increases at the same rate as the _________________ of the gas.
temperature
Deposition
the phase change in which a gas or vapor changes directly into a solid without first changing into a liquid.
Kinetic Theory
- particles in gas are in constant, random motion - motion of one particle is unaffected by motion of another unless they collide with another - forces of attraction can be ignored between gas particles due to the space between them
Name the factors that affect the pressure of an enclosed gas.
- temperature - volume - # of particles
