Chapter 31

Provisions of the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842?

A) Britain gained control of the island of Hong Kong. B) British merchants gained the right to conduct the opium trade unimpeded. C) Chinese ports were open to foreign trade and residence. D) Christian missionaries were permitted to come into China.

Provisions of the Meiji constitution?

A) Japan became a constitutional monarchy. B) The right to vote was based on property qualifications. C) The emperor could disregard the recommendations of the Diet. D) Individual rights were affirmed but made secondary to the needs of the state.

Witte's policy of industrialization included?

A) construction of the trans-Siberian railroad B) banking reform to encourage domestic savings and investment C) protective tariffs to support emerging Russian industries D) promotion of foreign investment in Russian industry

Tanzimat legal reforms included all of the following rights

A) equality before the law for all subjects. B) public trials in civil courts. C) the right to privacy.

The Ottoman military had declined by the nineteenth century because

A) the Janissary corps was more interested in palace intrigues than in military training. B) the Janissaries resisted all efforts to modernize the army. C) many provincial rulers had private mercenary armies. D) Ottoman forces carried outmoded equipment.

Contributing causes of the Russian revolution of 1905?

A) the lack of a representative legislative body B) the defeat of Russia in the Russo-Japanese War C) the Bloody Sunday massacre D) the government's failure to address the inequities of land ownership

The emancipation of Russian serfs in 1861

A) was achieved at the tsar's insistence. B) was intended to avert a revolution. C) brought freedom but few political rights for the peasants. D) did not significantly increase agricultural production.

By 1913, all of the following provinces gained either independence or autonomy from Ottoman control

B) Egypt. C) Greece. D) Serbia.

The Russian empire was defeated in the Crimean War because

Britain and France joined forces to prevent Russian expansion into the Ottoman empire.

The Taiping rebellion was defeated when

Nanjing was defeated by a combined force of imperial and European soldiers.

Which of the Young Turk proposals caused the most dissension in the empire?

Turkish as the official language of the empire

The most significant achievement of Sultan Mahmud II was the

creation of a modern army.

At the end of the nineteenth century, the Ottoman empire, Russian empire, Qing dynasty, and Tokugawa Japan were "societies at crossroads" because they

discovered through wars and confrontations that they were militarily much weaker than the western powers.

In China, a "sphere of influence" was a

district in which a foreign power had exclusive trade, transportation, and mineral rights.

The "capitulations" were humiliating concessions to the west that

held European citizens exempt from Ottoman laws and taxes.

The British insisted on their right to trade opium with China because

it was the only trade good that they could sell in China at a profit.

The capital for the early industrialization of Meiji Japan came primarily from

land taxes.

The Tokugawa shogunate was overthrown because

the Japanese were outraged by the unequal treaty forced on them by Commodore Perry.

The success of the Meiji restoration depended on destroying the power of

the daimyo and samurai classes.

The Russian intelligentsia promoted terrorism as a strategy for political reform because

their attempts at more peaceful reform were crushed by the tsarist authorities.