Chapter 31 (BZ) Part one

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the flatworms?

Parasitic flatworms have a well-developed head with eyespots and nerves concentrated into a brain

Which of these statements is NOT correct about the flatworms?

Planaria ingest food through a mouth located in the head region

Which statement is NOT correct about the roundworms?

Roundworms are essentially no more than parasitic flatworms that have lost their need to be flat.

Which statement about sponges is NOT correct?

Sponges are thought to be on the evolutionary pathway leading to more complex animals such as corals and worms.

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about cnidaria?

The adult body is bilaterally symmetrical.

Which statement about cnidaria is NOT true?

The body plan is tube-within-a-tube, with both mouth and anus.

Which of the following is NOT true about protostomes?

The first opening during embryonic development becomes the anus.

Why are real bath sponges so soft?

The harder silica or calcium spicules are absent and the softer spongin remains.

If you play with a living anemone with a probe, it will withdraw even if you vibrate the probe like a food animal would vibrate; it also withdraws if you just add sugar. However, it reaches out and grasps an object that both vibrates and tastes like food. The use of such a double system prevents unnecessary firing of expensive nematocysts. Why are nematocysts "expensive"?

The nematocyst is very complex and costs the anemone much energy to build.

Which of the following statements about sponges is NOT correct?

Amoeboid cells capture food particles from the water.

Which of the following is generally NOT a characteristic of all animals?

Animals range from unspecialized single-celled to specialized multicellular forms

Which of the following is characteristic of flukes?

Flukes have a well-developed alimentary canal.

Which statement is NOT true about invertebrate animals?

Invertebrates lack a nervous system.

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the flatworms?

Liver flukes and blood flukes are parasites in humans only.

Clams, snails, sea slugs, and octopuses belong to the phylum

Mollusca.

Both corals and calcareous sponges have calcium carbonate structures. What is the relationship between these two groups?

The sponges use calcium carbonate to form sharp spicules while the corals independently use the same material to form a skeleton.

Which of the following statements about planaria is NOT true?

There is a rudimentary circulatory system with a small central heart.

Which of the following characteristics is NOT true about deuterostomes?

They include the simplest of invertebrates.

A floating Portuguese man-of-war is

a colony of polyps composed of different types of individuals.

Which body structure describes the freshwater hydra?

a freely moving polyp with mouth pointing upward

An adaptation exhibited by the tapeworm for survival in a host's intestine is

a tough integument resistant to host digestive fluids

Animals that have no particular symmetry exhibit

asymmetry.

In flame cells

cilia drive fluids through tubules for excretion of excess water.

Which of the following organisms exhibit radial symmetry as adults?

cnidarians

The stinging cells or nematocysts are characteristic of

cnidarians.

Which of the following organisms are considered advanced invertebrates with a true coelom?

earthworms

How could you possibly become infected with adult tapeworms?

eating insufficiently cooked pork

Which difference distinguishes protostomes from deuterostomes?

embryonic development

Which of the following is correct in matching the common name with a phylum name?

fluke—Platyhelminthes

The molluscs look so different, and yet we can tell they are related because they all

have a mantle, visceral mass, and a foot.

Which are NOT among the phylum Mollusca?

lobsters

Which of the following types of skeletal material is NOT found in at least some sponges?

muscle

A hydra moves via

muscular cells in the epidermis.

What system do the cnidaria have that sponges lack?

nervous

Which of the following are NOT cnidaria?

planaria

The ____ of the tapeworm contains both male and female sex organs and becomes filled with developing embryos.

proglottids

The segments of a tapeworm consisting primarily of eggs, which hang in bags as a long chain behind the head, are called

proglottids.

If a sponge is pressed through a coarse cloth bag and whole cells are extruded through the holes. The cells will then

reassemble into a new organized sponge with each cell resuming its original job.

Tapeworms are specialized for parasitism by an excessive development of which system?

reproductive

Ascaris is considered to be a(n)

roundworm.

The head region of a tapeworm is called the

scolex.

Planaria move by

secreting a film of mucus and pushing against it with epidermal cilia.

Filter feeders are usually

sessile or relatively inactive

Larval Trichinella worms live in the

skeletal muscle of pork.

A recent study of the marine hawksbill turtle's stomach contents revealed that sponges constitute a major portion of their diet. Sponge beds are generally protected from predators by the sponge's calcium and silica crystals, but these were found in quantity in the turtles' digestive systems. These structures that protect the sponges from most predators, but not turtles, are

spicules.

Which of these is NOT associated with a roundworm infection?

tapeworm

Planaria feed by

tearing and sucking food particles via a muscular pharynx.

A sponge actually feeds by

the beating of the flagella of collar cells, forming a current; food is absorbed by collar cells.

Which of these parasitic worms is NOT a nematode?

the worm that causes schistosomiasis

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of sponges?

water enters through a single cavity, the osculum